ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2015
Reinforcement enhancing effects of acute nicotine via electronic cigarettes.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Possible New Symptoms of Tobacco Withdrawal II: Anhedonia-A Systematic Review.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Pooled it
- Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review.American journal of preventive medicine · 2017Pooled it
- Acute Effects of Nicotine on Non-Drug-Related Reward in Smokers and Non-Smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- Individual variations in motives for nicotine self-administration in male rats: evidence in support for a precision psychopharmacology.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Elucidating the reinforcing effects of nicotine: a tribute to Nadia Chaudhri.Psychopharmacology · 2023Review
- Reinforcement enhancement by nicotine: A novel abuse-liability assessment of e-cigarettes in young adults.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Investigating sex differences and the effect of drug exposure order in the sensory reward-enhancing effects of nicotine and d-amphetamine alone and in combination.Neuropharmacology · 2022Article
- Reward-enhancing effects of d-amphetamine and its interactions with nicotine were greater in female rats and persisted across schedules of reinforcement.Behavioural pharmacology · 2021Article
- A Procedure to Standardize Puff Topography During Evaluations of Acute Tobacco or Electronic Cigarette Exposure.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Article
- Technology-based contingency management and e-cigarettes during the initial weeks of a smoking quit attempt.Journal of applied behavior analysis · 2019Article
- Reinforcement Enhancing Effects of Nicotine Via Patch and Nasal Spray.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Article
- Sex Differences in Subjective Responses To Moderate Versus Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018Article
- Tobacco smoking may delay habituation of reinforcer effectiveness in humans.Psychopharmacology · 2018Article
- Effects of nicotine versus placebo e-cigarette use on symptom relief during initial tobacco abstinence.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2017Article
- ANALYSIS OF AGREEMENT BETWEEN EXPIRED-AIR CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS.Journal of smoking cessation · 2017Article
- Nicotine Acutely Enhances Reinforcement from Non-Drug Rewards in Humans.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecent human studies confirm animal research showing that nicotine enhances reinforcement from rewards unrelated to nicotine. These effects of acute nicotine via tobacco smoking may also occur when consumed from non-tobacco products.
methodsWe assessed acute effects of nicotine via electronic cigarettes ("e-cigarettes") on responding reinforced by music, video, or monetary rewards, or for no reward (control). In a fully within-subjects design, adult dependent smokers (N=28) participated in three similar experimental sessions, each following overnight abstinence (verified by CO≤10ppm). Varying only in e-cigarette condition, sessions involved controlled exposure to a nicotine (labeled "36mg/ml") or placebo ("0″) e-cigarette, or no e-cigarette use. A fourth session involved smoking one's own tobacco cigarette brand after no abstinence, specifically to compare responses under typical nicotine satiation with these acute e-cigarette conditions after abstinence.
resultsReinforced responding for video reward, but not the other rewards, was greater due to use of the nicotine versus placebo e-cigarette (i.e., nicotine per se), while no differences were found between the placebo e-cigarette and no e-cigarette conditions (i.e., e-cigarette use per se). For nicotine via tobacco smoking, responding compared to the nicotine e-cigarette was similar for video but greater for music, while both video and music reward were enhanced relative to the non-nicotine conditions (placebo and no e-cigarette).
conclusionsAcute nicotine from a non-tobacco product has some reinforcement enhancing effects in humans, in a manner partly consistent with nicotine via tobacco smoking and perhaps contributing to the rising popularity of nicotine e-cigarette use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.