ArticleCartilage2015
BST-CarGel® Treatment Maintains Cartilage Repair Superiority over Microfracture at 5 Years in a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.
Article in Cartilage, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 75 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Follow-up Study Evaluating The Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of BST-CarGel® and Microfracture In Repair of Focal Articular Cartilage Lesions on The Femoral Condyle (Extension Study of Protocols CG-CIP01-P & CG-CIP02-P)
Randomized Evaluation of BST-CarGel Versus Microfracture Alone On Recovery From Distal Femoral Cartilage Lesions
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 189 citations in OpenAlex.
- Surgery for early structural osteoarthritis of the hip and knee: the SCORE evidence synthesis and economic evaluation.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Clinical Evidence on the Use of Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis in the Knee.Cartilage · 2021Pooled it
- Enhanced microfracture using acellular scaffolds improves results after treatment of symptomatic focal grade III/IV knee cartilage lesions but current clinical evidence does not allow unequivocal recommendation.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2020Pooled it
- Surgical interventions for symptomatic mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Can Biologic Augmentation Improve Clinical Outcomes Following Microfracture for Symptomatic Cartilage Defects of the Knee? A Systematic Review.Cartilage · 2018Pooled it
- The effects of small-needle-knife therapy on pain and mobility from knee osteoarthritis: a pilot randomized-controlled study.Clinical rehabilitation · 2020Trial
- Two-Year Follow-Up and Remodeling Kinetics of ChonDux Hydrogel for Full-Thickness Cartilage Defect Repair in the Knee.Cartilage · 2020Trial
- A randomized controlled trial demonstrating sustained benefit of Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis over microfracture at five years.International orthopaedics · 2017Trial
- Treatment Options for Focal Cartilage Lesions of the Knee.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2026Review
- Natural Biomaterials for Osteochondral Repair: From Source to Strategy.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Review
- Recent advances in chitosan-based nanomaterials for enhanced antimicrobial activity.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Adhesive Hydrogels as Fixation and Regeneration Platforms in Cartilage Surgery: Rethinking Scaffold-Tissue Integration from a Clinical Perspective.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Corrigendum to "Strong living scaffolds for load-bearing musculoskeletal tissue regeneration" [Mater. Today Bio 35 (2025) 102571].Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Chitosan in regenerative medicine: a translational perspective on biomaterial design.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Investigation of decellularized live hyaline cartilage graft material for efficient treatment of knee cartilage defects.RSC advances · 2025Article
- Charting a quarter-century of commercial cartilage regeneration products.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2025Review
- Chitosan-based scaffold augmentation to microfractures: Stable results at mid-term follow-up in patients with patellar cartilage lesions.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2024Article
- Treatment of knee cartilage lesions in 2024: From hyaluronic acid to regenerative medicine.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2024Review
- Does progress in microfracture techniques necessarily translate into clinical effectiveness?World journal of orthopedics · 2024Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe efficacy and safety of BST-CarGel®, a chitosan scaffold for cartilage repair was compared with microfracture alone at 1 year during a multicenter randomized controlled trial in the knee. This report was undertaken to investigate 5-year structural and clinical outcomes.
designThe international randomized controlled trial enrolled 80 patients, aged 18 to 55 years, with grade III or IV focal lesions on the femoral condyles. Patients were randomized to receive BST-CarGel® treatment or microfracture alone, and followed standardized 12-week rehabilitation. Co-primary endpoints of repair tissue quantity and quality were evaluated by 3-dimensional MRI quantification of the degree of lesion filling (%) and T2 relaxation times. Secondary endpoints were clinical benefit measured with WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index) questionnaires and safety. General estimating equations were used for longitudinal statistical analysis of repeated measures.
resultsBlinded MRI analysis demonstrated that BST-CarGel®-treated patients showed a significantly greater treatment effect for lesion filling (P = 0.017) over 5 years compared with microfracture alone. A significantly greater treatment effect for BST-CarGel® was also found for repair tissue T2 relaxation times (P = 0.026), which were closer to native cartilage compared to the microfracture group. BST-CarGel® and microfracture groups showed highly significant improvement at 5 years from pretreatment baseline for each WOMAC subscale (P < 0.0001), and there were no differences between the treatment groups. Safety was comparable for both groups.
conclusionsBST-CarGel® was shown to be an effective mid-term cartilage repair treatment. At 5 years, BST-CarGel® treatment resulted in sustained and significantly superior repair tissue quantity and quality over microfracture alone. Clinical benefit following BST-CarGel® and microfracture treatment were highly significant over baseline levels.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.