SynthesisPloS one2015
Potential Impact of Co-Infections and Co-Morbidities Prevalent in Africa on Influenza Severity and Frequency: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Coinfection with Respiratory Pathogens and Dengue Disease Severity in Puerto Rico, 2012-2024.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Immune responses underpinning acute co-infections with unrelated viruses: timing and location matter.International immunology · 2025Review
- Potential of biomarkers of ageing in predicting severity of influenza virus infection and vaccination efficacy.npj aging · 2025Review
- Review
- Comparing adults with severe SARS-CoV-2 or influenza infection: South Africa, 2016-2021.Southern African journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Excess Invasive Meningococcal Disease Associated With Seasonal Influenza, South Africa, 2003-2018.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Influenza surveillance capacity improvements in Africa during 2011-2017.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2021Article
- Respiratory microbes detected in hospitalized adults with acute respiratory infections: associations between influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus and intensive care unit admission or fatal outcome in Vietnam (2015-2017).BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Age-dependent effects in the transmission and control of COVID-19 epidemics.Nature medicine · 2020Article
- Use of seasonal influenza and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines in older adults to reduce COVID-19 mortality.Vaccine · 2020Review
- Serologic evidence of seasonal influenza A and B in HIV patients on combined antiretroviral therapy in Lagos, Nigeria.African journal of laboratory medicine · 2020Article
- Impact of Maternal HIV Infection and Placental Malaria on the Transplacental Transfer of Influenza Antibodies in Mother-Infant Pairs in Malawi, 2013-2014.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Declining Incidence of Invasive Meningococcal Disease in South Africa: 2003-2016.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
- Progress and Remaining Gaps in Estimating the Global Disease Burden of Influenza.Emerging infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Burden of influenza among hospitalized febrile children in Ghana.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2017Article
- FatalThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2017Article
- Influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in infants study (IRIS) of hospitalized and non-ill infants aged <1 year in four countries: study design and methods.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Postviral Complications: Bacterial Pneumonia.Clinics in chest medicine · 2017Review
- Evaluation of the point-of-care Becton Dickinson Veritor™ Rapid influenza diagnostic test in Kenya, 2013-2014.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Risk Factors for Influenza-Associated Severe Acute Respiratory Illness Hospitalization in South Africa, 2012-2015.Open forum infectious diseases · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infectious diseases and underlying medical conditions common to Africa may affect influenza frequency and severity. We conducted a systematic review of published studies on influenza and the following co-infections or co-morbidities that are prevalent in Africa: dengue, malaria, measles, meningococcus, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), hemoglobinopathies, and malnutrition. Articles were identified except for influenza and PCP. Very few studies were from Africa. Sickle cell disease, dengue, and measles co-infection were found to increase the severity of influenza disease, though this is based on few studies of dengue and measles and the measles study was of low quality. The frequency of influenza was increased among patients with sickle cell disease. Influenza infection increased the frequency of meningococcal disease. Studies on malaria and malnutrition found mixed results. Age-adjusted morbidity and mortality from influenza may be more common in Africa because infections and diseases common in the region lead to more severe outcomes and increase the influenza burden. However, gaps exist in our knowledge about these interactions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.