Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26068212›Full record

ArticlePloS one2015

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV-1 Coinfection in Two Informal Urban Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya.

Glennah Kerubo, Samoel Khamadi, Vincent Okoth, Nyovani Madise, Alex Ezeh, Abdhalah Ziraba, Ziraba Abdalla, Matilu Mwau

Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 33 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Trial
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. HIV Infection Among Adolescents Residing in Urban Informal Settlements of Kenya.AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education · 2023
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Glennah KeruboInstitute of Tropical Medicine and infectious Diseases, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and technology, Nairobi, Kenya.
Samoel KhamadiCentre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Vincent OkothCentre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Nyovani MadiseAfrican Population Health Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya.
Alex EzehAfrican Population Health Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya.
Abdhalah Ziraba
Ziraba AbdallaAfrican Population Health Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya.
Matilu MwauCentre for Infectious and Parasitic Disease Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Busia, Kenya.
African Population and Health Research Center · KEKenya Medical Research Institute · KEJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology · KE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHIV-1 and Hepatitis B and C viruses coinfection is common in Sub-Saharan Africa due to similar routes of transmission and high levels of poverty. Most studies on HIV-1 and Hepatitis B and C viruses have occurred in hospital settings and blood transfusion units. Data on Hepatitis B and C viruses and HIV-1 coinfection in informal urban settlements in Kenya are scanty, yet they could partly explain the disproportionately high morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-1 infections in these slums.

objectivesThe objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV and Hepatitis B and C dual infection in urban slums in Nairobi.

methodsBlood samples were collected from residents of Viwandani and Korogocho between 2006 and 2007. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic data from participants. Samples were screened for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HCV and anti-HIV-1. Statistical analysis was done using STATA.

resultsSamples were successfully collected from 418 (32%) men and 890 (68%) females. The HIV-1, HBV and HCV prevalence was 20.4%, 13.3% and 0.76% respectively at the time of the study. Of the 268 (20.4%) HIV-1 positive participants, 56 (4.26%) had HBV while 6 (0.46%) had HCV. Of the 1041 HIV-1 negative participants, 117 (8.9%) had HBV while 4 (0.31%) had HCV. Only two people (0.15%) were co-infected with all the three viruses together. DISCUSSION: The odds of getting hepatitis infection were higher in HIV-1 participants (for HBV OR 2.08,p<0.005 and for HCV OR 5.93, p<0.005). HIV prevalence rates were similar in both informal settlements. HIV infection was highest in age group 35-39 years and among the divorced/separated or widowed. Prevalence of all viruses was highest in those who did not have any formal education.

conclusionThe HIV prevalence in these informal settlements suggests a higher rate than what is observed nationally. The prevalence rates of HBV are significantly higher in the HIV-1 positive and negative populations. HCV as well as triple HIV-1, HBV and HCV coinfection are uncommon in Korogocho and Viwandani. This clearly indicates the need for HIV-1 control programmes and hepatitis B virus vaccination to be promoted through public awareness as preventive strategy.

Indexed as

AdultCoinfectionFemaleHepatitis BHepatitis CHIV-1HIV SeropositivityHumansKenyaMaleMiddle AgedUrban Population

Identifiers

PMID26068212
PMCPMC4466314
OpenAlexW1574979962

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.