ArticlePLoS pathogens2015
HIV Latency Is Established Directly and Early in Both Resting and Activated Primary CD4 T Cells.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 147 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
147 citing papers in PubMed.
- Treatment with integrase inhibitor suggests a new interpretation of HIV RNA decay curves that reveals a subset of cells with slow integration.PLoS pathogens · 2017Trial
- Efficient lentivirus concentration using a tabletop centrifuge.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- The LEDGIN GS-9822 inhibits HIV-2 infection and enhances HIV-2 latency.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- HIV-1 establishes immediate latency in T cells expressing the viral Nef protein.FEBS open bio · 2026Article
- Epigenetic mechanisms of retroviral regulation: a comparative review.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2026Review
- Next-Generation HIV-1 Therapeutics in Co-Endemic Settings.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Article
- HIV reservoirs in lymphomagenesis: hidden driver in the era of viral suppression?Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Limitations and use of the Morpheus-V5 dual reporter virus in assessing interventions that target HIV latency.Journal of virological methods · 2025Article
- HIV Virion Capturing Liposomes for Therapeutic Vaccination.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- HIV infection reprogrammes CD4+ T cells for quiescence and entry into proviral latency.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- HIV-induced T cell quiescence and the origins of viral latency.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- HIV-1 Tat: Molecular Switch in Viral Persistence and Emerging Technologies for Functional Cure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Development and characterization of a double-fluorescent HIV-1 reporter cellular model to tackle the Rev-dependent export pathway.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- MGL/CLEC10A is an important C-type lectin receptor activated in the innate immune response toFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The Proviral Reservoirs of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- SHIV remission in macaques with early treatment initiation and ultra long-lasting antiviral activity.Nature communications · 2024Article
- A gut check: understanding the interplay of the gastrointestinal microbiome and the developing immune system towards the goal of pediatric HIV remission.Retrovirology · 2024Review
- Impact of Variable Sampling on Estimates of HIV-1 Reservoir Formation Dates.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Review
87 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) suppresses human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication to undetectable levels but cannot fully eradicate the virus because a small reservoir of CD4+ T cells remains latently infected. Since HIV efficiently infects only activated CD4+ T cells and since latent HIV primarily resides in resting CD4+ T cells, it is generally assumed that latency is established when a productively infected cell recycles to a resting state, trapping the virus in a latent state. In this study, we use a dual reporter virus--HIV Duo-Fluo I, which identifies latently infected cells immediately after infection--to investigate how T cell activation affects the establishment of HIV latency. We show that HIV latency can arise from the direct infection of both resting and activated CD4+ T cells. Importantly, returning productively infected cells to a resting state is not associated with a significant silencing of the integrated HIV. We further show that resting CD4+ T cells from human lymphoid tissue (tonsil, spleen) show increased latency after infection when compared to peripheral blood. Our findings raise significant questions regarding the most commonly accepted model for the establishment of latent HIV and suggest that infection of both resting and activated primary CD4+ T cells produce latency.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.