ArticlePharmaceutics2015
Effect of the Compaction and the Size of DNA on the Nuclear Transfer Efficiency after Microinjection in Synchronized Cells.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anticodon-edited transfer RNAs (ACE-tRNAs) encoded as therapeutic nonviral minimal DNA vectors.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Anticodon Edited Transfer RNAs (ACE-tRNAs) Encoded as Therapeutic Nonviral Minimal DNA Vectors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Mapping cellular processes that determine delivery of plasmid DNA to the nucleus: application in Chinese hamster ovary and human embryonic kidney cells to enhance protein production.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Factors affecting rAAV titers during triple-plasmid transient transfection in HEK-293 cells.Biotechnology letters · 2024Article
- Reversible, Covalent DNA Condensation Approach Using Chemical Linkers for Enhanced Gene Delivery.Nano letters · 2023Article
- Hybrid Polyelectrolyte Nanocomplexes for Non-Viral Gene Delivery with Favorable Efficacy and Safety Profile.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- The challenging nature of primary T lymphocytes for transfection: Effect of protamine sulfate on the transfection efficiency of chemical transfection reagents.Research in pharmaceutical sciences · 2020Article
- mRNA as a Tool for Gene Transfection in 3D Cell Culture for Future Regenerative Therapy.Micromachines · 2020Article
- Cytoplasmic transport and nuclear import of plasmid DNA.Bioscience reports · 2017Review
- Solid-phase supported design of carriers for therapeutic nucleic acid delivery.Bioscience reports · 2017Review
- Cytotoxic effect of co-expression of human hepatitis A virus 3C protease and bifunctional suicide protein FCU1 genes in a bicistronic vector.Molecular biology reports · 2017Article
- Effects of Circular DNA Length on Transfection Efficiency by Electroporation into HeLa Cells.PloS one · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The nuclear transfer process is one of the critical rate-limiting processes in transgene expression. In the present study, we report on the effect of compaction and the size of the DNA molecule on nuclear transfer efficiency by microinjection. A DNA/protamine complex- or variously-sized naked DNA molecules were injected into the cytoplasm or nucleus of synchronized HeLa cells. To evaluate the nuclear transfer process, a nuclear transfer score (NT score), calculated based on transgene expression after cytoplasmic microinjection divided by that after nuclear microinjection, was employed. The compaction of DNA with protamine decreased the NT score in comparison with the injection of naked DNA when the N/P ratio was increased to >2.0. Moreover, when naked DNA was microinjected, gene expression increased in parallel with the size of the DNA in the following order: minicircle DNA (MC07.CMV-EGFP; 2257 bp) > middle-sized plasmid DNA (pBS-EGFP; 3992 bp) > conventional plasmid DNA (pcDNA3.1-EGFP; 6172 bp), while the level of gene expression was quite comparable among them when the DNAs were injected into the nucleus. The above findings suggest that the intrinsic size of the DNA molecule is a major determinant for nuclear entry and that minicircle DNA has a great advantage in nuclear transfer.
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