Trial reportPloS one2015
Impact of Intensive Handwashing Promotion on Secondary Household Influenza-Like Illness in Rural Bangladesh: Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00880659 (Prevention of Secondary Transmission of Human Influenza by Promoting Handwashing With Soap), which is not on this map. Cited by 22 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Prevention of Secondary Transmission of Human Influenza by Promoting Handwashing With Soap: The Bangladesh Interruption of Secondary Transmission of Influenza Study (BISTIS)
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- A Review of the Ring Trial Design for Evaluating Ring Interventions for Infectious Diseases.Epidemiologic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- The effectiveness of hand hygiene interventions for preventing community transmission or acquisition of novel coronavirus or influenza infections: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- Interventions to increase personal protective behaviours to limit the spread of respiratory viruses: A rapid evidence review and meta-analysis.British journal of health psychology · 2022Pooled it
- The effect of hand hygiene promotion programs during epidemics and pandemics of respiratory droplet-transmissible infections on health outcomes: a rapid systematic review.BMC public health · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Household-level risk factors for secondary influenza-like illness in a rural area of Bangladesh.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2017Trial
- Ventilation does not affect close-range transmission of influenza virus in a ferret playpen setup.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Healthcare personnel in 2016-2019 prospective cohort infrequently got vaccinated, worked while ill, and frequently used antibiotics rather than antivirals against viral influenza illnesses.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2023Article
- Household Microenvironment and Under-Fives Health Outcomes in Uganda: Focusing on Multidimensional Energy Poverty and Women Empowerment Indices.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Nonpharmaceutical interventions to prevent viral respiratory infection in community settings: an umbrella review.ERJ open research · 2022Review
- Household transmission of influenza A and B within a prospective cohort during the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 seasons.Statistics in medicine · 2021Article
- Interventions promoting uptake of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) technologies in low- and middle-income countries: An evidence and gap map of effectiveness studies.Campbell systematic reviews · 2021Article
- Asymptomatic transmission and high community burden of seasonal influenza in an urban and a rural community in South Africa, 2017-18 (PHIRST): a population cohort study.The Lancet. Global health · 2021Article
- Nonpharmaceutical Measures for Pandemic Influenza in Nonhealthcare Settings-Personal Protective and Environmental Measures.Emerging infectious diseases · 2020Review
- Do various personal hygiene habits protect us against influenza-like illness?BMC public health · 2019Article
- Effectiveness of hand hygiene practices in preventing influenza virus infection in the community setting: A systematic review.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2019Article
- Estimates of seasonal influenza-associated mortality in Bangladesh, 2010-2012.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleThere is little evidence for the efficacy of handwashing for prevention of influenza transmission in resource-poor settings. We tested the impact of intensive handwashing promotion on household transmission of influenza-like illness and influenza in rural Bangladesh.
methodsIn 2009-10, we identified index case-patients with influenza-like illness (fever with cough or sore throat) who were the only symptomatic person in their household. Household compounds of index case-patients were randomized to control or intervention (soap and daily handwashing promotion). We conducted daily surveillance and collected oropharyngeal specimens. Secondary attack ratios (SAR) were calculated for influenza and ILI in each arm. Among controls, we investigated individual risk factors for ILI among household contacts of index case-patients.
resultsAmong 377 index case-patients, the mean number of days between fever onset and study enrollment was 2.1 (SD 1.7) among the 184 controls and 2.6 (SD 2.9) among 193 intervention case-patients. Influenza infection was confirmed in 20% of controls and 12% of intervention index case-patients. The SAR for influenza-like illness among household contacts was 9.5% among intervention (158/1661) and 7.7% among control households (115/1498) (SAR ratio 1.24, 95% CI 0.92-1.65). The SAR ratio for influenza was 2.40 (95% CI 0.68-8.47). In the control arm, susceptible contacts <2 years old (RRadj 5.51, 95% CI 3.43-8.85), those living with an index case-patient enrolled ≤24 hours after symptom onset (RRadj 1.91, 95% CI 1.18-3.10), and those who reported multiple daily interactions with the index case-patient (RRadj 1.94, 95% CI 1.71-3.26) were at increased risk of influenza-like illness. DISCUSSION: Handwashing promotion initiated after illness onset in a household member did not protect against influenza-like illness or influenza. Behavior may not have changed rapidly enough to curb transmission between household members. A reactive approach to reduce household influenza transmission through handwashing promotion may be ineffective in the context of rural Bangladesh.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT00880659.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.