Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26066032›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2015

p-Cresyl sulfate aggravates cardiac dysfunction associated with chronic kidney disease by enhancing apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.

Hui Han, Jinzhou Zhu, Zhengbin Zhu, Jingwei Ni, Run Du, Yang Dai, Yanjia Chen, Zhijun Wu, Lin Lu, Ruiyan Zhang

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
88citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.1field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

88 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 120 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
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  10. Microbiome-Derived Metabolites Shape CD4bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  11. Review
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  13. Sex-specific cardiac dysfunction in mice with chronic kidney disease.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2025
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. The gut microbiome connects nutrition and human health.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025
    Review
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  20. Review

28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Hui HanDepartment of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.H., J.Z., Z.Z., J.N., R.D., Z.W., L.L., R.Z.) Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.H., Y.D., Y.C., L.L., R.Z.).
Jinzhou ZhuDepartment of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.H., J.Z., Z.Z., J.N., R.D., Z.W., L.L., R.Z.).
Zhengbin ZhuDepartment of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.H., J.Z., Z.Z., J.N., R.D., Z.W., L.L., R.Z.).
Jingwei NiDepartment of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.H., J.Z., Z.Z., J.N., R.D., Z.W., L.L., R.Z.).
Run DuDepartment of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.H., J.Z., Z.Z., J.N., R.D., Z.W., L.L., R.Z.).
Yang DaiInstitute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.H., Y.D., Y.C., L.L., R.Z.).
Yanjia ChenInstitute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.H., Y.D., Y.C., L.L., R.Z.).
Zhijun WuDepartment of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.H., J.Z., Z.Z., J.N., R.D., Z.W., L.L., R.Z.).
Lin LuDepartment of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.H., J.Z., Z.Z., J.N., R.D., Z.W., L.L., R.Z.) Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.H., Y.D., Y.C., L.L., R.Z.).
Ruiyan ZhangDepartment of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.H., J.Z., Z.Z., J.N., R.D., Z.W., L.L., R.Z.) Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.H., Y.D., Y.C., L.L., R.Z.).
Shanghai Jiao Tong University · CNRuijin Hospital · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease. A body of evidence suggests that p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), a uremic toxin, is associated with the cardiovascular mortality rate of patients with chronic kidney disease; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this feature have not yet been fully elucidated. METHODS AND

resultsWe aimed to determine whether PCS accumulation could adversely affect cardiac dysfunction via direct cytotoxicity to cardiomyocytes. In mice that underwent 5/6 nephrectomy, PCS promoted cardiac apoptosis and affected the ratio of left ventricular transmitral early peak flow velocity to left ventricular transmitral late peak flow velocity (the E/A ratio) observed by echocardiography (n=8 in each group). Apocynin, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase activity, attenuates this alteration of the E/A ratio (n=6 in each group). PCS also exhibited proapoptotic properties in H9c2 cells by upregulating the expression of p22(phox) and p47(phox), NADPH oxidase subunits, and the production of reactive oxygen species. Apocynin and N-acetylcysteine were both able to suppress the effect of PCS, underscoring the importance of NADPH oxidase activation for the mechanism of action.

conclusionsThis study demonstrated that the cardiac toxicity of PCS is at least partially attributed to induced NADPH oxidase activity and reactive oxygen species production facilitating cardiac apoptosis and resulting in diastolic dysfunction.

Indexed as

AcetophenonesAnimalsApoptosisBlotting, WesternCardiovascular DiseasesCaspase 3Cells, CulturedCresolsEchocardiographyMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMyocardiumMyocytes, CardiacReactive Oxygen SpeciesRenal Insufficiency, Chronic4-cresol sulfateAcetophenonesacetovanilloneCaspase 3CresolsReactive Oxygen SpeciesSulfuric Acid Estersapoptosiscardiac dysfunctionchronic kidney diseasenicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidasep‐cresyl sulfate

Identifiers

PMID26066032
PMCPMC4599533
OpenAlexW2118326977

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.