ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2015
Antibody-independent functions of B cells: a focus on cytokines.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 279 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
279 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 494 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Elusive B Cell Antigen in Multiple Sclerosis: Time to Rethink CNS B Cell Functions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Illuminating Immunity: A Systematic Review of Immune Cell Autofluorescence.Journal of biophotonics · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Safety and Efficacy of Second- and Third-Generation CD20-Targeting Biologics in Treating Immune-Mediated Disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Direct Infection of B Cells by Dengue Virus Modulates B Cell Responses in a Cambodian Pediatric Cohort.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Trial
- Persistence of mucosal CAR-T cells and inflammatory remodeling in enterocolitis associated with BCMA CAR-T cell therapy.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- B Cells and Tumor Immunometabolism: Emerging Insights into Immune Regulation and Therapeutic Resistance.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The multifaceted roles of tumor-infiltrating plasma cells in cancer immunology.Fundamental research · 2026Review
- B Cells are Activated via a Nanoporous Interface that Stabilizes Microvilli and Engages Mechanosensitive Ion Channels.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- B Cell Deficiency Impairs Collateral Artery Growth by Influencing Early and Late Regenerative Inflammation.Cells · 2026Article
- Tumor heterogeneity: development, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Dysregulation of the DNA repair‑immune axis: Targeted therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- LBH deficiency influences the therapeutic effects of regulatory B cells through the regulation of IL-10 production via the Rap1 pathway.Cell & bioscience · 2026Article
- The Presence of CD11c+ B Cells with Potent Effector Memory Phenotype in Lung Adenocarcinoma Correlates with Overall Patient Survival.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- Macrophage plasticity in the osteosarcoma tumor microenvironment: opportunities and challenges for immunotherapy.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2026Review
- B cells maintain the homeostasis of splenic marginal zone antigen-presenting cells to promote the antiviral CD8Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Abnormal Pro-inflammatory Immune Cell Responses Precede Clinical Onset of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Article
- Molecular subtyping and prognostic modeling of non-small cell lung cancer based on disulfidptosis-related genes.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Lung memory B cells ameliorate Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in 5×FAD mice through the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Density of tertiary lymphoid structures predict clinical outcome in hepatoblastoma.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- IL-35 enhances IL-10⁺ breg-mediated immunoregulation and attenuates inflammation and fibrosis in systemic sclerosis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Article
219 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cytokine production by B cells is important for multiple aspects of immunity. B cell-derived cytokines, including lymphotoxin, are essential for the ontogenesis, homeostasis and activation of secondary lymphoid organs, as well as for the development of tertiary lymphoid tissues at ectopic sites. Other B cell-derived cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor, influence the development of effector and memory CD4(+) T cell responses. Finally, B cells can regulate inflammatory immune responses, primarily through their provision of IL-10 and IL-35. This Review summarizes these various roles of cytokine-producing B cells in immunity and discusses the rational for targeting these cells in the clinic.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.