Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26063595›Full record

ArticleMolecular neurobiology2016

Elevated IL-6 and TNF-α Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients.

Wei Wu, Yi Guan, Gang Zhao, Xi-Jia Fu, Tie-Zhu Guo, Yue-Ting Liu, Xin-Liang Ren, Wei Wang, Han-Rui Liu, Yun-Qian Li

Abstract read
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Article in Molecular neurobiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  10. Early CSF inflammatory markers after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and their relationship to disease severity and shunt placement.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Wei WuDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China.
Yi GuanDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China.
Gang ZhaoDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China.
Xi-Jia FuDepartment of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China.
Tie-Zhu GuoDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China.
Yue-Ting LiuDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China.
Xin-Liang RenDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China.
Wei WangDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China.
Han-Rui LiuDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China.
Yun-Qian LiDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China. liyunqianlyq555@126.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The present study investigated the correlation between interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) progression. A meta-analysis was further conducted from pooled data to analyze the clinical value of IL-6 and TNF-α in SAH diagnosis. In our case-control study, a total of 57 SAH patients were assigned to two groups, CVS group (n = 27) and non-CVS group (n = 30), based on the presence of cerebral vasospasm (CVS). In addition, 65 healthy subjects were enrolled as controls. IL-6 and TNF-α levels in CSF were measured in all the study subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For meta-analysis, an exhaustive literature search was conducted to identify relevant published articles and strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select studies for the present meta-analysis. Data extracted from these studies was analyzed using STATA 12.0 software. IL-6 and TNF-α levels in CSF of SAH patients were markedly higher than those of healthy controls (all P < 0.001). Further, CVS patients showed elevated IL-6 and TNF-α levels in CSF compared to non-CVS patients (all P < 0.001). The increase in IL-6 and TNF-α levels in CSF correlated with the increasing disease severity, based on Hunt-Hess grade, in SAH patients (all P < 0.05). Our meta-analysis also confirmed that IL-6 and TNF-α CSF levels were markedly higher in SAH patients compared to healthy controls (all P < 0.001). Ethnicity-stratified analysis showed that both IL-6 and TNF-α CSF levels were elevated in Asian SAH patients, compared to their healthy counterparts (all P < 0.05). The TNF-α CSF levels were significantly higher in Caucasian SAH patients (P < 0.001), but the IL-6 CSF levels showed no such differences compared to the healthy controls (P = 0.219). Subgroup analysis based on the presence of CVS showed that both IL-6 and TNF-α CSF levels were markedly higher in CVS patients than those in non-CVS patients (all P < 0.05). Our results provide strong evidence that IL-6 and TNF-α CSF levels are elevated in SAH patients and may participate in SAH development. Thus, these two cytokines could be important biomarkers for early diagnosis and disease monitoring in SAH patients.

Indexed as

AdultAgedCase-Control StudiesEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayEthnicityFemaleHumansInterleukin-6MaleMiddle AgedSubarachnoid HemorrhageTomography, X-Ray ComputedTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaVasospasm, IntracranialInterleukin-6Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaCase-control studyCerebral vasospasmCerebrospinal fluidCorrelationIL-6Meta-analysisSubarachnoid hemorrhageTNF-α

Identifiers

PMID26063595

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.