ArticleJournal of virology2015
Identification of Owl Monkey CD4 Receptors Broadly Compatible with Early-Stage HIV-1 Isolates.
Article in Journal of virology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 infection in an immunocompetent monkey model.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Ancestral reconstruction supports that loss of Nef-mediated T cell modulation coincided with the emergence of pathogenic lentiviruses.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Sustained-Release Buprenorphine Formulations in Owl Monkeys (Aotus spp.).Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2025Article
- The Owl Monkey (Aotus spp.) as an Animal Research Model. Part 3: Research Use and Diseases.Journal of medical primatology · 2025Review
- Adaptation of CD4 in gorillas and chimpanzees conveyed resistance to simian immunodeficiency viruses.eLife · 2025Article
- Minimally Modified HIV-1 Infection of Macaques: Development, Utility, and Limitations of Current Models.Viruses · 2024Review
- Article
- Article
- Positive natural selection in primate genes of the type I interferon response.BMC ecology and evolution · 2021Article
- CD4 receptor diversity represents an ancient protection mechanism against primate lentiviruses.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Butyrate Reprograms Expression of Specific Interferon-Stimulated Genes.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Identification of HIV-1 Envelope Mutations that Enhance Entry Using Macaque CD4 and CCR5.Viruses · 2020Article
- Selective use of primate CD4 receptors by HIV-1.PLoS biology · 2019Article
- How host genetics dictates successful viral zoonosis.PLoS biology · 2019Article
- Evolution of Hepatitis B Virus Receptor NTCP Reveals Differential Pathogenicities and Species Specificities of Hepadnaviruses in Primates, Rodents, and Bats.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- CD4-HIV-1 Envelope Interactions: Critical Insights for the Simian/HIV/Macaque Model.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2018Review
- Dengue viruses cleave STING in humans but not in nonhuman primates, their presumed natural reservoir.eLife · 2018Article
- Species-specific vulnerability of RanBP2 shaped the evolution of SIV as it transmitted in African apes.PLoS pathogens · 2018Article
- Cytokine-Mediated Tissue Injury in Non-human Primate Models of Viral Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelledMost HIV-1 variants isolated from early-stage human infections do not use nonhuman primate versions of the CD4 receptor for cellular entry, or they do so poorly. We and others have previously shown that CD4 has experienced strong natural selection over the course of primate speciation, but it is unclear whether this selection has influenced the functional characteristics of CD4 as an HIV-1 receptor. Surprisingly, we find that selection on CD4 has been most intense in the New World monkeys, animals that have never been found to harbor lentiviruses related to HIV-1. Based on this, we sampled CD4 genetic diversity within populations of individuals from seven different species, including five species of New World monkeys. We found that some, but not all, CD4 alleles found in Spix's owl monkeys (Aotus vociferans) encode functional receptors for early-stage human HIV-1 isolates representing all of the major group M clades (A, B, C, and D). However, only some isolates of HIV-1 subtype C can use the CD4 receptor encoded by permissive Spix's owl monkey alleles. We characterized the prevalence of functional CD4 alleles in a colony of captive Spix's owl monkeys and found that 88% of surveyed individuals are homozygous for permissive CD4 alleles, which encode an asparagine at position 39 of the receptor. We found that the CD4 receptors encoded by two other species of owl monkeys (Aotus azarae and Aotus nancymaae) also serve as functional entry receptors for early-stage isolates of HIV-1. IMPORTANCE: Nonhuman primates, particularly macaques, are used for preclinical evaluation of HIV-1 vaccine candidates. However, a significant limitation of the macaque model is the fact that most circulating HIV-1 variants cannot use the macaque CD4 receptor to enter cells and have to be adapted to these species. This is particularly true for viral variants from early stages of infection, which represent the most relevant vaccine targets. In this study, we found that some individuals from captive owl monkey populations harbor CD4 alleles that are compatible with a broad collection of HIV-1 isolates, including those isolated from early in infection in highly affected populations and representing diverse subtypes.
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Registered trials
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