ArticlePloS one2015
Longitudinal Survey of Carotenoids in Human Milk from Urban Cohorts in China, Mexico, and the USA.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential Epigenetic Impacts of Phytochemicals on Ruminant Health and Production: Connecting Lines of Evidence.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- β-Carotene Impacts the Liver MicroRNA Profile in a Sex-Specific Manner in Mouse Offspring of Western Diet-Fed Mothers: Results from Microarray Analysis by Direct Hybridization.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Perception of #TheDress in childhood is influenced by age and green-leaf preference.Journal of vision · 2024Observational
- Longitudinal analysis of carotenoid content in preterm human milk.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Dietary modulation of human milk bioactives is associated with maternal FUT2 secretor phenotype: an exploratory analysis of carotenoids and polyphenol metabolites.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- The human milk componentProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Maternal High-Fat Diet Consumption in Sprague Dawley Rats Compromised the Availability and Altered the Tissue Distribution of Lutein in Neonatal Offspring.Metabolites · 2023Article
- A comprehensive review on infant formula: nutritional and functional constituents, recent trends in processing and its impact on infants' gut microbiota.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Xanthophylls in Human Milk and Maternal Diet: A Cross-sectional Analysis of Data from the Japanese Human Milk Study Cohort.Current developments in nutrition · 2022Article
- Carotenoids and Vitamin A in Breastmilk of Hong Kong Lactating Mothers and Their Relationships with Maternal Diet.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Article
- Review
- Plasma Concentrations and Maternal-Umbilical Cord Plasma Ratios of the Six Most Prevalent Carotenoids across Five Groups of Birth Gestational Age.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- From carotenoid intake to carotenoid blood and tissue concentrations - implications for dietary intake recommendations.Nutrition reviews · 2021Review
- Our Current Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A-Now 20 Years Old.Current developments in nutrition · 2020Review
- A Comparison of Vitamin and Lutein Concentrations in Breast Milk from Four Asian Countries.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Nutritional and Non-nutritional Composition of Human Milk Is Modulated by Maternal, Infant, and Methodological Factors.Frontiers in nutrition · 2020Review
- Nutritional Gaps and Supplementation in the First 1000 Days.Nutrients · 2019Review
- Article
- Challenges and Pitfalls in Human Milk Oligosaccharide Analysis.Nutrients · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that carotenoids may have particular roles in infant nutrition and development, yet data on the profile and bioavailability of carotenoids from human milk remain sparse. Milk was longitudinally collected at 2, 4, 13, and 26 weeks postpartum from twenty mothers each in China, Mexico, and the USA in the Global Exploration of Human Milk Study (n = 60 donors, n = 240 samples). Maternal and neonatal plasma was analyzed for carotenoids from the USA cohort at 4 weeks postpartum. Carotenoids were analyzed by HPLC and total lipids by Creamatocrit. Across all countries and lactation stages, the top four carotenoids were lutein (median 114.4 nmol/L), β-carotene (49.4 nmol/L), β-cryptoxanthin (33.8 nmol/L), and lycopene (33.7 nmol/L). Non-provitamin A carotenoids (nmol/L) and total lipids (g/L) decreased (p<0.05) with increasing lactation stage, except the provitamin A carotenoids α- and β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene did not significantly change (p>0.05) with lactation stage. Total carotenoid content and lutein content were greatest from China, yet lycopene was lowest from China (p<0.0001). Lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, and β-carotene, and lycopene concentrations in milk were significantly correlated to maternal plasma and neonatal plasma concentrations (p<0.05), with the exception that lycopene was not significantly associated between human milk and neonatal plasma (p>0.3). This enhanced understanding of neonatal exposure to carotenoids during development may help guide dietary recommendations and design of human milk mimetics.
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