SynthesisPloS one2015
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Violence by Psychiatric Acute Inpatients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 158 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
158 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Risk Factors of Violence During First-Episode Psychosis.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2026Pooled it
- Post-incident debriefing for people with schizophrenia after coercive measures.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Interventions to Improve Coping and Resilience of Frontline Mental Healthcare Professionals Towards Workplace Violence on Psychiatric Wards-A Systematic Review.International journal of mental health nursing · 2025Pooled it
- Risk assessment for aggressive behaviour in schizophrenia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Is mental health staff training in de-escalation techniques effective in reducing violent incidents in forensic psychiatric settings? - A systematic review of the literature.BMC psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Prevalence of violence to others among individuals with schizophrenia in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- The impact of machine learning in predicting risk of violence: A systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Aggression on the psychiatric ward: Prevalence and risk factors. A systematic review of the literature.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- A Virtual, Simulated Code White for Undergraduate Nursing Students.The Canadian journal of nursing research = Revue canadienne de recherche en sciences infirmieres · 2022Trial
- Prevalence of workplace violent episodes experienced by nurses in acute psychiatric settings.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Gender differences in sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, and psychopharmacological treatments among forensic ınpatients with serious mental ıllness in Türkiye.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Observational
- Beyond Surveillance: Reframing Nursing Observation as Therapeutic Engagement in Psychiatric Care.Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing · 2026Article
- Article
- Actual status of visitor and telephone restrictions for Japanese psychiatric inpatients: A retrospective observational study.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Hippocampal subfield radiomics improves identification of in-hospital aggressive behavior in schizophrenia: an interpretable machine-learning study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of Pro-Safe Work Training (PSWT) and perception of workplace safety among undergraduate nursing students: a mental health perspective.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Workplace violence against mental health professionals in Italy: a nationwide survey on prevalence and risk perception.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Psychiatrists Under Pressure: Exploring Occupational Risks and Protective Strategies.Iranian journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Fairness analysis of machine learning predictions of aggression in acute psychiatric care.Npj mental health research · 2026Article
98 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundViolence in acute psychiatric wards affects the safety of other patients and the effectiveness of treatment. However, there is a wide variation in reported rates of violence in acute psychiatric wards.
objectivesTo use meta-analysis to estimate the pooled rate of violence in published studies, and examine the characteristics of the participants, and aspects of the studies themselves that might explain the variation in the reported rates of violence (moderators).
methodSystematic meta-analysis of studies published between January 1995 and December 2014, which reported rates of violence in acute psychiatric wards of general or psychiatric hospitals in high-income countries.
resultsOf the 23,972 inpatients described in 35 studies, the pooled proportion of patients who committed at least one act of violence was 17% (95% confidence interval (CI) 14-20%). Studies with higher proportions of male patients, involuntary patients, patients with schizophrenia and patients with alcohol use disorder reported higher rates of inpatient violence.
conclusionThe findings of this study suggest that almost 1 in 5 patients admitted to acute psychiatric units may commit an act of violence. Factors associated with levels of violence in psychiatric units are similar to factors that are associated with violence among individual patients (male gender, diagnosis of schizophrenia, substance use and lifetime history of violence).
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