ArticleOncotarget2015
rRNA synthesis inhibitor, CX-5461, activates ATM/ATR pathway in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, arrests cells in G2 phase and induces apoptosis.
Article in Oncotarget, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ribosome transfer via tunnelling nanotubes rescues protein synthesis in pancreatic cancer cells.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Intronic polyadenylation-derived long noncoding RNA modulates nucleolar integrity and function.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- From ribosomopathies to therapeutic targets: ribosomal alterations in pediatric leukemogenesis and tumorigenesis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Targeting RNA polymerase I to boost natural killer cell anticancer activity in multiple myeloma.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Dual RNA Polymerase I Inhibition with CX-5461 and BMH-21 Synergizes in Breast Cancer by Activating p53-Dependent Stress.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The G-quadruplex ligand CX-5461: an innovative candidate for disease treatment.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- The natural alkaloid nitidine chloride targets RNA polymerase I to inhibit ribosome biogenesis and repress cancer cell growth.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Article
- Molecular basis of CX-5461-induced DNA damage response in primary vascular smooth muscle cells.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Article
- Targeting the ribosome to treat multiple myeloma.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2024Article
- Targeting the DNA damage response in hematological malignancies.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Pan-cancer integrated bioinformatic analysis of RNA polymerase subunits reveal RNA Pol I member CD3EAP regulates cell growth by modulating autophagy.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2023Article
- An ERK1/2-driven RNA-binding switch in nucleolin drives ribosome biogenesis and pancreatic tumorigenesis downstream of RAS oncogene.The EMBO journal · 2023Article
- Targeting RNA Polymerase I Transcription Activity in Osteosarcoma: Pre-Clinical Molecular and Animal Treatment Studies.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Ribosome-Directed Therapies in Cancer.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- CX-5461 causes nucleolar compaction, alteration of peri- and intranucleolar chromatin arrangement, an increase in both heterochromatin and DNA damage response.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Review
- Ribosome Biogenesis: A Central Player in Cancer Metastasis and Therapeutic Resistance.Cancer research · 2022Review
- Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is a fundamental cellular process and is elevated in cancer cells. As one of the most energy consuming cellular processes, it is highly regulated by signaling pathways in response to changing cellular conditions. Many of the regulators of this process are aberrantly activated in various cancers. Recently two novel rRNA synthesis inhibitors, CX-5461 and BMH-21, have been shown to selectively kill cancer cells while sparing normal cells. Here, we tested the effectiveness of pre-rRNA synthesis inhibitor CX-5461 on acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells with different cytogenetic abnormalities. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells are more sensitive to rRNA synthesis inhibition compared to normal bone marrow cells. CX-5461 treated cells undergo caspase-dependent apoptosis independent of their p53 status. More-over, CX5461, activates checkpoint kinases and arrests cells in G2 phase of cell cycle. Finally, overcoming this G2 arrest by inhibiting ATR kinase leads to robust cell killing. These results show that CX-5461 can be even more potent in combination with ATR inhibitors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.