ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2015
Scotoma analysis of 10-2 visual field testing with a white target in screening for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy.
Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Hydroxychloroquine in the Management of Rheumatic Disorders: A Comprehensive Review.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Review
- Hydroxychloroquine: A double‑edged sword (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Mimickers of hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity.Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2024Review
- Classification of Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy: A Literature Review and Proposal for Revision.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Atypical Presentations of Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy: A Case Series Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- New proposal for a multimodal imaging approach for the subclinical detection of hydroxychloroquine-induced retinal toxicity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Visual field examinations using different strategies in Asian patients taking hydroxychloroquine.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Systemic toxicity of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine: prevalence, mechanisms, risk factors, prognostic and screening possibilities.Rheumatology international · 2021Review
- Prevalence of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy with long-term use in a cohort of Indian patients with rheumatic diseases.Rheumatology international · 2021Observational
- Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy.Eye (London, England) · 2017Review
- Retinal Toxicity in Patients Treated With Hydroxychloroquine: A Cross-Sectional Study.Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation ophthalmology journal · 2016Article
- Scotoma analysis of 10-2 visual field testing with a red target in screening for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo quantify the variability of scotomas detected by 10-2 visual field (VF) testing in patients taking hydroxychloroquine without and with retinopathy.
designRetrospective review of clinical charts and visual fields. SUBJECTS: Twenty-one patients taking hydroxychloroquine without retinopathy, and nine patients taking hydroxychloroquine and one patient taking chloroquine with retinopathy.
methodsRetinopathy was defined by annular scotomas on 10-2 VF testing with corroborative spectral domain optical coherence tomographic outer retinal changes and multifocal electroretinographic changes leading to cessation of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine. Location and depth of scotoma points on 10-2 VF testing were recorded and their fates followed in serial, reliable 10-2 VFs performed with a white target over time.
main outcome measuresNumber of scotoma points and locations, percentage of persistent scotoma points, size of scotomas, location of scotomas, and percentage of scotomas deepening.
resultsA median of five, interquartile range (IQR) 3-8 scotoma points per VF occurred in patients without retinopathy. A median of 86%, IQR 63%-100% of these points resolve on the subsequent field. For patients with retinopathy, a median of 22%, IQR 10%-59% resolve. The median percentage of scotoma points in the zone 2-8 degrees from fixation in eyes with retinopathy was 79%, IQR 68%-85% compared to 60%, IQR 54%-75% in eyes without retinopathy (P=0.0094). Single-point scotomas were more common in eyes without than with retinopathy. Scotomas consisting of more than four contiguous scotoma points were generally indicative of retinopathy.
conclusionPoint scotomas are common and variable in 10-2 VF testing with a white target for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in subjects without retinopathy. The annular zone 2 to 8 degrees from fixation was useful for distinguishing the significance of scotoma points. Scotomas with more contiguous scotoma points were more often associated with retinopathy.
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