ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2016
Confusion about Cadmium Risks: The Unrecognized Limitations of an Extrapolated Paradigm.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Cadmium and its inorganic compounds - Addendum: re-evaluation of the BLW: Assessment Values in Biological Material - Translation of the German version from 2025.The MAK collection for occupational health and safety · 2025Review
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- Metal Toxicity and Dementia Including Frontotemporal Dementia: Current State of Knowledge.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Cadmium Monitoring at the Workplace: Effectiveness of a Combination of Air- and Biomonitoring.Toxics · 2023Article
- Environmental exposure of the general population to cadmium as a risk factor of the damage to the nervous system: A critical review of current data.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2023Review
- Cadmium: A Focus on the Brown Crab (Toxics · 2022Review
- Environmental Substances Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Distribution of elements and their correlation in bran, polished rice, and whole grain.Food science & nutrition · 2020Article
- Protective Effects of Moderate Ca Supplementation against Cd-Induced Bone Damage under Different Population-Relevant Doses in Young Female Rats.Nutrients · 2019Article
- An interventional study of rice for reducing cadmium exposure in a Chinese industrial town.Environment international · 2019Article
- Metallic Air Pollutants and Breast Cancer Risk in a Nationwide Cohort Study.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2019Article
- Do Post-breast Cancer Diagnosis Toenail Trace Element Concentrations Reflect Prediagnostic Concentrations?Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2019Article
- Urine and toenail cadmium levels in pregnant women: A reliability study.Environment international · 2018Article
- The physiological determinants of low-level urine cadmium: an assessment in a cross-sectional study among schoolchildren.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2017Article
- Cadmium and Alzheimer's disease mortality in U.S. adults: Updated evidence with a urinary biomarker and extended follow-up time.Environmental research · 2017Article
- Temporal variability of urinary cadmium in spot urine samples and first morning voids.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2017Article
- Is Urinary Cadmium a Biomarker of Long-term Exposure in Humans? A Review.Current environmental health reports · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCadmium (Cd) risk assessment presently relies on tubular proteinuria as a critical effect and urinary Cd (U-Cd) as an index of the Cd body burden. Based on this paradigm, regulatory bodies have reached contradictory conclusions regarding the safety of Cd in food. Adding to the confusion, epidemiological studies implicate environmental Cd as a risk factor for bone, cardiovascular, and other degenerative diseases at exposure levels that are much lower than points of departure used for setting food standards.
objectiveThe objective was to examine whether the present confusion over Cd risks is not related to conceptual or methodological problems. DISCUSSION: The cornerstone of Cd risk assessment is the assumption that U-Cd reflects the lifetime accumulation of the metal in the body. The validity of this assumption as applied to the general population has been questioned by recent studies revealing that low-level U-Cd varies widely within and between individuals depending on urinary flow, urine collection protocol, and recent exposure. There is also evidence that low-level U-Cd increases with proteinuria and essential element deficiencies, two potential confounders that might explain the multiple associations of U-Cd with common degenerative diseases. In essence, the present Cd confusion might arise from the fact that this heavy metal follows the same transport pathways as plasma proteins for its urinary excretion and the same transport pathways as essential elements for its intestinal absorption.
conclusionsThe Cd risk assessment paradigm needs to be rethought taking into consideration that low-level U-Cd is strongly influenced by renal physiology, recent exposure, and factors linked to studied outcomes. CITATION: Bernard A. 2016. Confusion about cadmium risks: the unrecognized limitations of an extrapolated paradigm. Environ Health Perspect 124:1-5; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1509691.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.