ArticleScientific reports2015
Gender Bias in U.S. Pediatric Growth Hormone Treatment.
Article in Scientific reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sex and racial/ethnic disparities in children presenting for short stature evaluation: in-depth analysis at a single center.Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism · 2025Article
- Article
- Potential for Optimization of Growth Hormone Treatment in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency, Small for Gestational Age, and Turner Syndrome in Germany: Data from the PATROHormone research in paediatrics · 2025Article
- Views on Short Stature of Female vs Male Endocrine Pediatric Patients Undergoing Provocative Growth Hormone Testing and Their Parents.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2023Article
- Endocrine Health and Health Care Disparities in the Pediatric and Sexual and Gender Minority Populations: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Caregiving burden and special needs of parents in the care of their short-statured children - a qualitative approach.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Identifying and addressing disparities in the evaluation and treatment of children with growth hormone deficiency.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Age at diagnosis in patients with chronic congenital endocrine conditions: a regional cohort study from a reference center for rare diseases.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2021Observational
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Investigation and Treatment of Growth Hormone Deficiency.The Journal of pediatrics · 2021Article
- Growth Hormone Stimulation Testing Patterns Contribute to Sex Differences in Pediatric Growth Hormone Treatment.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2021Article
- A Retrospective Analysis of Patients with Short Stature in Eastern China between 2013 and 2019.BioMed research international · 2021Article
- Real-World Treatment Patterns and Outcomes of Growth Hormone Treatment Among Children in Israel Over the Past Decade (2004-2015).Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
- Dilemmas of growth hormone treatment for GH deficiency and idiopathic short stature: defining, distinguishing, and deciding.Minerva pediatrica · 2020Review
- US Growth Hormone Use in the Idiopathic Short Stature Era: Trends in Insurer Payments and Patient Financial Burden.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2019Article
- Concerns and Expectations of Parents Seeking Subspecialist Care for Their Child's Short Stature.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2019Article
- Race and gender influence management of humerus shaft fractures.Journal of orthopaedics · 2018Article
- A Retrospective Analysis of Patients with Short Stature in the South of China between 2007 and 2015.BioMed research international · 2018Article
- Shared Decision-Making in Growth Hormone Therapy-Implications for Patient Care.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2018Review
- Racial/Ethnic Disparities in US Pediatric Growth Hormone Treatment.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2018Article
- Growth hormone treatment for growth hormone deficiency and idiopathic short stature: new guidelines shaped by the presence and absence of evidence.Current opinion in pediatrics · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) treatment of idiopathic short stature (ISS), defined as height <-2.25 standard deviations (SD), is approved by U.S. FDA. This study determined the gender-specific prevalence of height <-2.25 SD in a pediatric primary care population, and compared it to demographics of U.S. pediatric GH recipients. Data were extracted from health records of all patients age 0.5-20 years with ≥ 1 recorded height measurement in 28 regional primary care practices and from the four U.S. GH registries. Height <-2.25 SD was modeled by multivariable logistic regression against gender and other characteristics. Of the 189,280 subjects, 2073 (1.1%) had height <-2.25 SD. No gender differences in prevalence of height <-2.25 SD or distribution of height Z-scores were found. In contrast, males comprised 74% of GH recipients for ISS and 66% for all indications. Short stature was associated (P < 0.0001) with history of prematurity, race/ethnicity, age and Medicaid insurance, and inversely related (P < 0.0001) with BMI Z-score. In conclusion, males outnumbered females almost 3:1 for ISS and 2:1 for all indications in U.S. pediatric GH registries despite no gender difference in height <-2.25 SD in a large primary care population. Treatment and/or referral bias was the likely cause of male predominance among GH recipients.
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