Trial reportPediatrics2015
Risk Factors for Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection and Renal Scarring.
Trial report in Pediatrics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05318365 (Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction in Children), which is not on this map. Cited by 115 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction in Children
Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 299 citations in OpenAlex.
- A novel clinical score to predict breakthrough urinary tract infection in children with VUR: meta-analytic derivation and real-world validation.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Pooled it
- Point-of-care tests for urinary tract infections to reduce antimicrobial resistance: a systematic review and conceptual economic model.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Evidence-based clinical practice guideline for management of urinary tract infection and primary vesicoureteric reflux.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Guideline
- Effectiveness of various treatment modalities in children with vesicoureteral reflux grades II-IV: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMJ paediatrics open · 2023Pooled it
- Extravesical vs. intravesical ureteric reimplantation for primary vesicoureteral reflux: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Non-antibiotic interventions for prevention of urinary tract infections in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European journal of pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin for urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis: a systematic review.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2021Pooled it
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of urinary tract infections in the first year of life in children with vesicoureteral reflux diagnosed in the workup of antenatal hydronephrosis: a systematic review.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2020Pooled it
- Prevalence of Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction in Toilet-Trained Children With Urinary Tract Infection and/or Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2020Pooled it
- Long-term antibiotics for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Diagnosis and management of bladder bowel dysfunction in children with urinary tract infections: a position statement from the International Children's Continence Society.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2018Pooled it
- Bowel Management and Standard Urotherapy in Pediatric Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Dexamethasone to prevent kidney scarring in acute pyelonephritis: a randomized clinical trial.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Risk Factors for Delayed Antimicrobial Treatment in Febrile Children with Urinary Tract Infections.The Journal of pediatrics · 2019Trial
- Results of a Multicenter Population Pharmacokinetic Study of Ciprofloxacin in Children with Complicated Urinary Tract Infection.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Predictors of Antimicrobial Resistance among Pathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infection in Children.The Journal of pediatrics · 2016Trial
- Urinary tract infections in children.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo identify risk factors for recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) and renal scarring in children who have had 1 or 2 febrile or symptomatic UTIs and received no antimicrobial prophylaxis.
methodsThis 2-year, multisite prospective cohort study included 305 children aged 2 to 71 months with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) receiving placebo in the RIVUR (Randomized Intervention for Vesicoureteral Reflux) study and 195 children with no VUR observed in the CUTIE (Careful Urinary Tract Infection Evaluation) study. Primary exposure was presence of VUR; secondary exposures included bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD), age, and race. Outcomes were recurrent febrile or symptomatic urinary tract infection (F/SUTI) and renal scarring.
resultsChildren with VUR had higher 2-year rates of recurrent F/SUTI (Kaplan-Meier estimate 25.4% compared with 17.3% for VUR and no VUR, respectively). Other factors associated with recurrent F/SUTI included presence of BBD at baseline (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.07 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09-3.93]) and presence of renal scarring on the baseline (99m)Tc-labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid scan (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.88 [95% CI: 1.22-6.80]). Children with BBD and any degree of VUR had the highest risk of recurrent F/SUTI (56%). At the end of the 2-year follow-up period, 8 (5.6%) children in the no VUR group and 24 (10.2%) in the VUR group had renal scars, but the difference was not statistically significant (adjusted odds ratio: 2.05 [95% CI: 0.86-4.87]).
conclusionsVUR and BBD are risk factors for recurrent UTI, especially when they appear in combination. Strategies for preventing recurrent UTI include antimicrobial prophylaxis and treatment of BBD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.