ArticleBMC public health2015
Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical measures in preventing pediatric influenza: a case-control study.
Article in BMC public health, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effectiveness of hand hygiene interventions for preventing community transmission or acquisition of novel coronavirus or influenza infections: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- The effect of state-level stay-at-home orders on COVID-19 infection rates.American journal of infection control · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Hand Hygiene Practices in School Populations: Assessing Their Impact on Infectious Disease Outbreaks.Journal of paediatrics and child health · 2026Review
- Seasonal Influenza in Children With Cancer.Cureus · 2024Review
- Clinical effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19 on other nationally notifiable infectious diseases in South Korea.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2024Article
- Comparative Pathology of Animal Models for Influenza A Virus Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected gastrointestinal surgery for malignancies and surgical infections?Nagoya journal of medical science · 2021Article
- An Examination of COVID-19 Mitigation Efficiency among 23 Countries.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Associations of hand washing frequency with the incidence of illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of translational medicine · 2021Article
- An Examination on the Transmission of COVID-19 and the Effect of Response Strategies: A Comparative Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Hand Hygiene Practices and the Risk of Human Coronavirus Infections in a UK Community Cohort.Wellcome open research · 2020Article
- Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children hospitalized due to influenza A and B in the south of Europe, 2010-2016.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Effectiveness of hand hygiene practices in preventing influenza virus infection in the community setting: A systematic review.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2019Article
- Estimates of seasonal influenza-associated mortality in Bangladesh, 2010-2012.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2018Article
- Travellers and influenza: risks and prevention.Journal of travel medicine · 2017Review
- Modelling community-control strategies to protect hospital resources during an influenza pandemic in Ottawa, Canada.PloS one · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHygiene behavior plays a relevant role in infectious disease transmission. The aim of this study was to evaluate non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) in preventing pediatric influenza infections.
methodsLaboratory confirmed influenza cases occurred during 2009-10 and 2010-11 seasons matched by age and date of consultation. NPI (frequency of hand washing, alcohol-based hand sanitizer use and hand washing after touching contaminated surfaces) during seven days prior to onset of symptoms were obtained from parents of cases and controls.
resultsCases presented higher prevalence of underlying conditions such as pneumonia [OR = 3.23; 95% CI: 1.38-7.58 p = 0.007], asthma [OR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.17-5.14 p = 0.02] and having more than 1 risk factor [OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 0.99-2.82 p = 0.05]. Hand washing more than 5 times per day [aOR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.39-0.99 p = 0.04] was the only statistically significant protective factor. When considering two age groups (pre-school age 0-4 yrs and school age 5-17) yrs , only the school age group showed a negative association for influenza infection for both washing more than 5 times per day [aOR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.22-0.99 p = 0.04] and hand washing after touching contaminated surfaces [aOR = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.04-0.86 p = 0.03].
conclusionFrequent hand washing should be recommended to prevent influenza infection in the community setting and in special in the school age group.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.