ReviewJournal of molecular evolution2015
Pathways of Genetic Code Evolution in Ancient and Modern Organisms.
Review in Journal of molecular evolution, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Avoiding Catastrophic Mutations Accurately Predicts Amino Acid to Codon Pairing.Journal of molecular evolution · 2026Article
- The Role of Mutations, Addition of Amino Acids, and Exchange of Genetic Information in the Coevolution of Primitive Coding Systems.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The Origin(s) of LUCA: Computer Simulation of a New Theory.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Machine learning classification of archaea and bacteria identifies novel predictive genomic features.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Rare-event sampling analysis uncovers the fitness landscape of the genetic code.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- A crescendo of competent coding (c3) contains the Standard Genetic Code.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Mitogenomics and mitochondrial gene phylogeny decipher the evolution of Saccharomycotina yeasts.Genome biology and evolution · 2022Article
- Model of Genetic Code Structure Evolution under Various Types of Codon Reading.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Theories, laws, and models in evo-devo.Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution · 2022Review
- Formation of the Codon Degeneracy during Interdependent Development between Metabolism and Replication.Genes · 2021Article
- The Codon Usage in the Minimal Natural Cell.Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere : the journal of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life · 2021Article
- The Origin(s) of Cell(s): Pre-Darwinian Evolution from FUCAs to LUCA : To Carl Woese (1928-2012), for his Conceptual Breakthrough of Cellular Evolution.Journal of molecular evolution · 2021Article
- Determinants of genome-wide distribution and evolution of uORFs in eukaryotes.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Basic principles of the genetic code extension.Royal Society open science · 2020Article
- On the origin of degeneracy in the genetic code.Interface focus · 2019Article
- Constrained Mutational Sampling of Amino Acids in HIV-1 Protease Evolution.Molecular biology and evolution · 2019Article
- The influence of different types of translational inaccuracies on the genetic code structure.BMC bioinformatics · 2019Article
- The optimality of the standard genetic code assessed by an eight-objective evolutionary algorithm.BMC evolutionary biology · 2018Article
- Evolutionary instability of CUG-Leu in the genetic code of budding yeasts.Nature communications · 2018Article
- Horizontal transfer of code fragments between protocells can explain the origins of the genetic code without vertical descent.Scientific reports · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There have been two distinct phases of evolution of the genetic code: an ancient phase--prior to the divergence of the three domains of life, during which the standard genetic code was established--and a modern phase, in which many alternative codes have arisen in specific groups of genomes that differ only slightly from the standard code. Here we discuss the factors that are most important in these two phases, and we argue that these are substantially different. In the modern phase, changes are driven by chance events such as tRNA gene deletions and codon disappearance events. Selection acts as a barrier to prevent changes in the code. In contrast, in the ancient phase, selection for increased diversity of amino acids in the code can be a driving force for addition of new amino acids. The pathway of code evolution is constrained by avoiding disruption of genes that are already encoded by earlier versions of the code. The current arrangement of the standard code suggests that it evolved from a four-column code in which Gly, Ala, Asp, and Val were the earliest encoded amino acids.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.