ArticleNature materials2015
Liquid-crystalline ordering of antimicrobial peptide-DNA complexes controls TLR9 activation.
Article in Nature materials, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Tetrameric assembly disruption impairs CXCL4 chaperon ability for DNA and type I interferon immune amplification.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Human cathelicidin peptide LL-37 compacts nucleic acids and alters neutrophil extracellular trap structure.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Tuning mechanical softness as a design principle in drug delivery: A biomechanical perspective.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Investigation of Regulation and Binding Patterns of the Human Cathelicidin Peptide LL-37 in Complexation with Nucleic Acids, and its Impact on Neutrophil Extracellular Traps.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The Many Lives of a Single Sequence: Functional Plasticity Through Amyloid Polymorphism.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2026Review
- Structural immunotherapy: Harnessing chemical design to build powerful next-generation therapeutics.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Multivalent Co-assembly of LL37-CpG nanoparticles: Enhanced immune response through activating multiple cell internalization pathways.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- In Vitro and In Silico Wound-Healing Activity of Two Cationic Peptides Derived from Cecropin D inAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Role of CXCL4 in Systemic Sclerosis: DAMP, Auto-Antigen and Biomarker.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Synthetic polypeptides inhibit nucleic acid-induced inflammation in autoimmune diseases by disrupting multivalent TLR9 binding to LL37-DNA bundles.Nature nanotechnology · 2024Article
- Cell-Free Systems: Ideal Platforms for Accelerating the Discovery and Production of Peptide-Based Antibiotics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Fine tuning of CpG spatial distribution with DNA origami for improved cancer vaccination.Nature nanotechnology · 2024Article
- Between good and evil: Complexation of the human cathelicidin LL-37 with nucleic acids.Biophysical journal · 2024Review
- Precision nanoscale patterning of TLR ligands for improved cancer immunotherapy.Cell reports methods · 2024Article
- Viral afterlife: SARS-CoV-2 as a reservoir of immunomimetic peptides that reassemble into proinflammatory supramolecular complexes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- The multivalency game ruling the biology of immunity.Biophysics reviews · 2023Review
- Facile Display of Homomultivalent Proteins forACS synthetic biology · 2023Article
- Assembly of ordered DNA-curli fibril complexes during Salmonella biofilm formation correlates with strengths of the type I interferon and autoimmune responses.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Amyloid-containing biofilms and autoimmunity.Current opinion in structural biology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) can trigger the production of type I interferon (IFN) in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) by binding to endosomal Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9; refs 1-5). It is also known that the formation of DNA-antimicrobial peptide complexes can lead to autoimmune diseases via amplification of pDC activation. Here, by combining X-ray scattering, computer simulations, microscopy and measurements of pDC IFN production, we demonstrate that a broad range of antimicrobial peptides and other cationic molecules cause similar effects, and elucidate the criteria for amplification. TLR9 activation depends on both the inter-DNA spacing and the multiplicity of parallel DNA ligands in the self-assembled liquid-crystalline complex. Complexes with a grill-like arrangement of DNA at the optimum spacing can interlock with multiple TLR9 like a zipper, leading to multivalent electrostatic interactions that drastically amplify binding and thereby the immune response. Our results suggest that TLR9 activation and thus TLR9-mediated immune responses can be modulated deterministically.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.