Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26052557›Full record

ArticleJournal of reward deficiency syndrome

Molecular Genetic Testing in Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): Facts and Fiction.

Kenneth Blum, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, Gozde Agan, James Fratantonio, Thomas Simpatico, Marcelo Febo, Brett C Haberstick, Andrew Smolen, Mark S Gold

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of reward deficiency syndrome. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Validation and psychometric evaluation of the Turkish version of the Reward Deficiency Syndrome Questionnaire (RDSQ-29).Dusunen adam : Bakirkoy Ruh ve Sinir Hastaliklari Hastanesi yayin organi · 2025
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
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  5. Review
  6. Article
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  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Promoting Precision Addiction Management (PAM) to Combat the Global Opioid Crisis.Biomedical journal of scientific & technical research · 2018
    Article
  12. Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARSCurrent trends in medical diagnostic methods · 2018
    Article
  13. The Benefits of Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARSInternational journal of genomics and data mining · 2018
    Article
  14. Hypothesizing that a Pro-Dopaminergic Regulator (KB220zClinical medical reviews and case reports · 2016
    Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Kenneth BlumDepartment of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA ; Department of Addiction Research & Therapy, Malibu Beach Recovery Center, Malibu Beach, CA, USA ; Divisions of Addiction Services, and Applied Clinical Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Human Integrated Services Unit University of Vermont Center for Clinical & Translational Science, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
Rajendra D BadgaiyanDepartment of Psychiatry and Division of Neuroimaging, University of Minnesota College of Medicine, MN, USA.
Gozde AganDivisions of Addiction Services, and Applied Clinical Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA.
James FratantonioDivisions of Addiction Services, and Applied Clinical Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA.
Thomas SimpaticoDepartment of Psychiatry, Human Integrated Services Unit University of Vermont Center for Clinical & Translational Science, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
Marcelo FeboDepartment of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Brett C HaberstickInstitute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Andrew SmolenInstitute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Mark S GoldDepartments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences at the Keck, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, CA, USA ; Director of Research, Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Educational Foundation, Washington, D.C, USA.
University of Colorado Boulder · USUniversity of Florida · US

Funding

Dopamine Neurotransmission in Tourette SyndromeR01NS073884 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI BADGAIYAN, RAJENDRA D · 2012 to 2016
$2.2M
Skeletal Effects of MethylphenidateR01HD070888 · NICHD · STATE UNIVERSITY NEW YORK STONY BROOK · PI KOMATSU, DAVID E · 2013 to 2017
$1.6M
Brain Imaging of Cocaine and Maternal RewardR01DA019946 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI FEBO, MARCELO · 2007 to 2011
$1.6M
Detection of Dopamine Release During a Cognitive TaskR21MH073624 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI BADGAIYAN, RAJENDRA D · 2005 to 2006
$368k
Dopamine Neurotransmission in AddictionI01CX000479 · VA · VA WESTERN NEW YORK HEALTHCARE SYSTEM · PI BADGAIYAN, RAJENDRA D · 2013 to 2014
–
CSRD VA I01 CX000479NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD070888NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA019946NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH073624NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS073884
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe Brain Reward Cascade (BRC) is an interaction of neurotransmitters and their respective genes to control the amount of dopamine released within the brain. Any variations within this pathway, whether genetic or environmental (epigenetic), may result in addictive behaviors or RDS, which was coined to define addictive behaviors and their genetic components.

methodsTo carry out this review we searched a number of important databases including: Filtered: Cochrane Systematic reviews; DARE; Pubmed Central Clinical Quaries; National Guideline Clearinghouse and unfiltered resources: PsychINFO; ACP PIER; PsychSage; Pubmed/Medline. The major search terms included: dopamine agonist therapy for Addiction; dopamine agonist therapy for Reward dependence; dopamine antagonistic therapy for addiction; dopamine antagonistic therapy for reward dependence and neurogenetics of RDS.

resultsWhile there are many studies claiming a genetic association with RDS behavior, not all are scientifically accurate.

conclusionAlbeit our bias, this Clinical Pearl discusses the facts and fictions behind molecular genetic testing in RDS and the significance behind the development of the Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS

Indexed as

Brain Reward CascadeDRD2Genetic Addiction Risk ScoreGene variationsReward Deficiency Syndrome

Identifiers

PMID26052557
PMCPMC4455960
OpenAlexW1507598802

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.