ArticleClinical epigenetics2015
The GALNT9, BNC1 and CCDC8 genes are frequently epigenetically dysregulated in breast tumours that metastasise to the brain.
Article in Clinical epigenetics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Epigenetic regulation of HOXA2 expression affects tumor progression and predicts breast cancer patient survival.Cell death and differentiation · 2025Article
- BNC1 inhibits the development and progression of gastric cancer by regulating the CCL20/JAK-STAT axis.PeerJ · 2025Article
- Prognostic Significance of CCDC8 in Bladder Cancer: Insights from Bioinformatics and Immunohistochemical Analysis.Journal of Cancer · 2025Article
- CCDC58 drives lung adenocarcinoma progression via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- LINC01305 recruits basonuclin 1 to act on G-protein pathway suppressor 1 to promote esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Cancer science · 2023Article
- Altered cfDNA fragmentation profile in hypomethylated regions as diagnostic markers in breast cancer.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2023Article
- Molecular signaling network and therapeutic developments in breast cancer brain metastasis.Advances in cancer biology - metastasis · 2023Article
- Rat Mammary carcinoma susceptibility 3 (Mcs3) pleiotropy, socioenvironmental interaction, and comparative genomics with orthologous human 15q25.1-25.2.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Article
- Integrating single-cell and bulk transcriptomic analyses to develop a cancer-associated fibroblast-derived biomarker for predicting prognosis and therapeutic response in breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Pro- and anti-tumour activities of CD146/MCAM in breast cancer result from its heterogeneous expression and association with epithelial to mesenchymal transition.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
- BNC1 deficiency-triggered ferroptosis through the NF2-YAP pathway induces primary ovarian insufficiency.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Identification of prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer brain metastases based on the bioinformatics analysis.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2022Article
- Glycosylation as a regulator of site-specific metastasis.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2022Review
- Clinicopathological significance and underlying molecular mechanism of downregulation of basonuclin 1 expression in ovarian carcinoma.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Enhancing progestin therapy via HDAC inhibitors in endometrial cancer.American journal of cancer research · 2022Article
- Tumor microenvironment and exosomes in brain metastasis: Molecular mechanisms and clinical application.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Design, synthesis, molecular modeling, and bioactivity evaluation of 1,10-phenanthroline and prodigiosin (Ps) derivatives and their Copper(I) complexes against mTOR and HDAC enzymes as highly potent and effective new anticancer therapeutic drugs.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Towards updated understanding of brain metastasis.American journal of cancer research · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
25 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTumour metastasis to the brain is a common and deadly development in certain cancers; 18-30 % of breast tumours metastasise to the brain. The contribution that gene silencing through epigenetic mechanisms plays in these metastatic tumours is not well understood.
resultsWe have carried out a bioinformatic screen of genome-wide breast tumour methylation data available at The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and a broad literature review to identify candidate genes that may contribute to breast to brain metastasis (BBM). This analysis identified 82 candidates. We investigated the methylation status of these genes using Combined Bisulfite and Restriction Analysis (CoBRA) and identified 21 genes frequently methylated in BBM. We have identified three genes, GALNT9, CCDC8 and BNC1, that were frequently methylated (55, 73 and 71 %, respectively) and silenced in BBM and infrequently methylated in primary breast tumours. CCDC8 was commonly methylated in brain metastases and their associated primary tumours whereas GALNT9 and BNC1 were methylated and silenced only in brain metastases, but not in the associated primary breast tumours from individual patients. This suggests differing roles for these genes in the evolution of metastatic tumours; CCDC8 methylation occurs at an early stage of metastatic evolution whereas methylation of GANLT9 and BNC1 occurs at a later stage of tumour evolution. Knockdown of these genes by RNAi resulted in a significant increase in the migratory and invasive potential of breast cancer cell lines.
conclusionsThese findings indicate that GALNT9 (an initiator of O-glycosylation), CCDC8 (a regulator of microtubule dynamics) and BNC1 (a transcription factor with a broad range of targets) may play a role in the progression of primary breast tumours to brain metastases. These genes may be useful as prognostic markers and their products may provide novel therapeutic targets.
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