Trial reportJournal of neurologic physical therapy : JNPT2015
Efficacy of Feedback-Controlled Robotics-Assisted Treadmill Exercise to Improve Cardiovascular Fitness Early After Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.
Trial report in Journal of neurologic physical therapy : JNPT, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01679600 (Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Early After Stroke Using Feedback-controlled Robotics-assisted Treadmill Exercise), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Early After Stroke Using Feedback-controlled Robotics-assisted Treadmill Exercise: A Randomised Controlled Pilot Trial
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current exercise-based rehabilitation impacts on poststroke exercise capacity, blood pressure, and lipid control: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy of different exercise methods to improve cardiopulmonary function in stroke patients: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Occurrence and Type of Adverse Events During the Use of Stationary Gait Robots-A Systematic Literature Review.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2020Pooled it
- Physical fitness interventions for nonambulatory stroke survivors: A mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis.Brain and behavior · 2018Pooled it
- Technology-Based Feedback and Its Efficacy in Improving Gait Parameters in Patients with Abnormal Gait: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Pooled it
- Electromechanical-assisted training for walking after stroke.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Factors Influencing the Efficacy of Aerobic Exercise for Improving Fitness and Walking Capacity After Stroke: A Meta-Analysis With Meta-Regression.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation · 2017Pooled it
- Effects of unilateral lower limb exoskeleton robot on gait improvement and brain function in patients with chronic stroke: a randomized clinical trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Safety and Benefits of Moderate to High Intensity Aerobic Exercise During the Subacute Phase of Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2026Review
- Integrating Artificial Intelligence Into Digital Health-Optimized Therapeutics for the Remote Cardiac Rehabilitation.Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Utilization of Robot-Assisted Gait Training in Pulmonary Rehabilitation for a Patient with Ambulatory Dysfunction Post-Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Case Report.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Feedback control of heart rate during robotics-assisted tilt table exercise in patients after stroke: a clinical feasibility study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Health-enhancing physical activity interventions in non-ambulatory people with severe motor impairments - a scoping review.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
- Feasibility and Usability of a Robot-Assisted Complex Upper and Lower Limb Rehabilitation System in Patients with Stroke: A Pilot Study.Annals of rehabilitation medicine · 2023Article
- Task-Oriented Circuit Training as an Alternative to Ergometer-Type Aerobic Exercise Training after Stroke.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Remarkable cell recovery from cerebral ischemia in rats using an adaptive escalator-based rehabilitation mechanism.PloS one · 2019Article
- The effects of Pilates exercise on cardiopulmonary function in the chronic stroke patients: a randomized controlled trials.Journal of physical therapy science · 2017Article
- Lower Limb Rehabilitation Using Patient Data.Applied bionics and biomechanics · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposeCardiovascular fitness is greatly reduced after stroke. Although individuals with mild to moderate impairments benefit from conventional cardiovascular exercise interventions, there is a lack of effective approaches for persons with severely impaired physical function. This randomized controlled pilot trial investigated efficacy and feasibility of feedback-controlled robotics-assisted treadmill exercise (FC-RATE) for cardiovascular rehabilitation in persons with severe impairments early after stroke.
methodsTwenty individuals (age 61 ± 11 years; 52 ± 31 days poststroke) with severe motor limitations (Functional Ambulation Classification 0-2) were recruited for FC-RATE or conventional robotics-assisted treadmill exercise (RATE) (4 weeks, 3 × 30-minute sessions/wk). Outcome measures focused on peak cardiopulmonary performance parameters, training intensity, and feasibility, with examiners blinded to allocation.
resultsAll 14 allocated participants (70% of recruited) completed the intervention (7/group, withdrawals unrelated to intervention), without serious adverse events occurring. Cardiovascular fitness increased significantly in both groups, with peak oxygen uptake increasing from 14.6 to 17.7 mL · kg · min (+17.8%) after 4 weeks (45.8%-55.7% of predicted maximal aerobic capacity; time effect P = 0.01; no group-time interaction). Training intensity (% heart rate reserve) was significantly higher for FC-RATE (40% ± 3%) than for conventional RATE (14% ± 2%) (P = 0.001). DISCUSSION AND
conclusionsSubstantive overall increases in the main cardiopulmonary performance parameters were observed, but there were no significant between-group differences when comparing FC-RATE and conventional RATE. Feedback-controlled robotics-assisted treadmill exercise significantly increased exercise intensity, but recommended intensity levels for cardiovascular training were not consistently achieved. Future research should focus on appropriate algorithms within advanced robotic systems to promote optimal cardiovascular stress.Video abstract available for more insights from the authors (Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A107).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.