ReviewPharmacology & therapeutics2015
Emergence of sex differences in the development of substance use and abuse during adolescence.
Review in Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 175 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence for Sex Convergence in Prevalence of Cannabis Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2017Pooled it
- The effect of sensation seeking on alcohol use among middle school students: a latent state-trait analysis.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2020Trial
- Longitudinal relationships of sleep and inhibitory control deficits to early adolescent cigarette and alcohol use.Journal of adolescence · 2017Trial
- Internalizing and externalizing pathways to adolescent substance use disorders: A Multi-level analysis in Nigerian schools.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Associations of endocannabinoid serum concentrations with behavioral impulsivity and substance use in late childhood to early adolescence.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- The role of peer influence in shaping developmental trajectories of substance use expectancies in early adolescence.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2026Article
- Age, sex, and ethnic differences in substance use and/or substance use disorders among runaway and homeless youth: A meta-analysis and meta-regression.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Review
- Differences in the Use of Smokeless Tobacco, Alcohol, and Co-Use Among U.S. High-School Students: Analysis of National Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data.AJPM focus · 2026Article
- Striving and thriving: Gender differences in the effects of climbing the socioeconomic ladder on stress and discrimination.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
- Exploring the cycle: "Perceptions, perspectives, and practices of substance use in young adults".Journal of education and health promotion · 2026Article
- Substance use disorder prevalence in Sierra Leone: a sex-disaggregated analysis using the World Health Organization equity data.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2025Article
- Risk for Adolescent Substance Use Initiation: Associations with Large-Scale Brain Network Recruitment During Emotional Inhibitory Control.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The burden of mental disorders, substance use disorders, and self-harm among youths globally: findings from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Global burden of substance use disorders in adolescents and young adults aged 10-24 years from 1990 to 2021.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Early life stress and pubertal predictors of subsequent substance use in a national diverse sample of adolescents: Sex and substance type matter.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Burden of drug use disorders from 1990 to 2021 and projection to 2050 in China: findings from the 2021 global burden of disease study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Punishment and Reward Sensitivity in Risk-Taking as Potential Mechanisms Explaining the Relationships Between Childhood Callous-Unemotional Traits and Adolescent Substance Use in a Longitudinal Cohort Study Sample.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Article
- From individual motivation to substance use initiation: A longitudinal cohort study assessing the associations between reward sensitivity and subsequent risk of substance use initiation among US adolescents.Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- Proportional Trends in Pediatric Opioid Prescribing Between 2005 and 2016 by Age Group, Sex, Ethnicity, Race, Language, and Payer Status from a Large Children's Hospital in the Southwest United States.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Concurrent and long-term effects of early pubertal timing on alcohol, cigarette, and cannabis use from adolescence to adulthood.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2024Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Substance use and abuse begin during adolescence. Male and female adolescent humans initiate use at comparable rates, but males increase use faster. In adulthood, more men than women use and abuse addictive drugs. However, some women progress more rapidly from initiation of use to entry into treatment. In animal models, adolescent males and females consume addictive drugs similarly. However, reproductively mature females acquire self-administration faster, and in some models, escalate use more. Sex/gender differences exist in neurobiologic factors mediating both reinforcement (dopamine, opioids) and aversiveness (CRF, dynorphin), as well as intrinsic factors (personality, psychiatric co-morbidities) and extrinsic factors (history of abuse, environment especially peers and family) which influence the progression from initial use to abuse. Many of these important differences emerge during adolescence, and are moderated by sexual differentiation of the brain. Estradiol effects which enhance both dopaminergic and CRF-mediated processes contribute to the female vulnerability to substance use and abuse. Testosterone enhances impulsivity and sensation seeking in both males and females. Several protective factors in females also influence initiation and progression of substance use including hormonal changes of pregnancy as well as greater capacity for self-regulation and lower peak levels of impulsivity/sensation seeking. Same sex peers represent a risk factor more for males than females during adolescence, while romantic partners increase risk for women during this developmental epoch. In summary, biologic factors, psychiatric co-morbidities as well as personality and environment present sex/gender-specific risks as adolescents begin to initiate substance use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.