ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2015
Genotyping and Source Tracking of Cronobacter sakazakii and C. malonaticus Isolates from Powdered Infant Formula and an Infant Formula Production Factory in China.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insights into the genomic features of the emerging pathogens Cronobacter malonaticus and Cronobacter turicensis.Folia microbiologica · 2026Article
- Prevalence, Genomic Characterization, and Transmission Patterns ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Pathogenic characterization and mechanism of sequence type 4 Cronobacter sakazakii derived from milk-based infant and baby foods.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Characterization ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
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- Diverse Genotypes ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Persistence of microbiological hazards in food and feed production and processing environments.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Comprehensive Genomic Characterization ofMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Review
- Identification, Typing and Drug Resistance ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Emerging of Multidrug-Resistant Cronobacter sakazakii Isolated from Infant Supplementary Food in China.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Prevalence, characterization, and antibiotic susceptibility ofFood science & nutrition · 2022Article
- Characterization and spoilage potential ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Article
- Genomic Characterization ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Role of the multiple efflux pump protein TolC on growth, morphology, and biofilm formation under nitric oxide stress inJDS communications · 2021Article
- Genomic Landscape and Phenotypic Assessment ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Profiling the Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Emergence ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Identification and Characterization of Cronobacter Strains Isolated from Environmental Samples.Current microbiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cronobacter spp. (formerly defined as Enterobacter sakazakii) are opportunistic bacterial pathogens of both infants and adults. In this study, we analyzed 70 Cronobacter isolates from powdered infant formula (PIF) and an infant formula production facility in China to determine possible contamination routes. The strains were profiled by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), PCR-based O-antigen serotyping, and ompA and rpoB sequence analyses. The isolates were primarily Cronobacter sakazakii (66/70) or Cronobacter malonaticus (4/70). The strains were divided into 38 pulsotypes (PTs) using PFGE and 19 sequence types (STs) by MLST. In contrast, rpoB and ompA sequence analyses divided the strains into 10 overlapping clusters each. PCR serotyping of the 66 C. sakazakii and 4 C. malonaticus strains resulted in the identification of four C. sakazakii serotypes (O1, O2, O4, and O7) and a single C. malonaticus serotype, O2. The dominant C. sakazakii sequence types from PIF and an infant formula production factory in China were C. sakazakii clonal complex 4 (CC4) (n = 19), ST1 (n = 14), and ST64 (n = 11). C. sakazakii CC4 is a clonal lineage strongly associated with neonatal meningitis. In the process of manufacturing PIF, the spray-drying, fluidized-bed-drying, and packing areas were the main areas with Cronobacter contamination. C. sakazakii strains with the same pulsotypes (PT3 and PT2) and sequence types (ST1 and ST64) were isolated both from processing equipment and from the PIF finished product.
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