ArticleDiabetologia2015
Markers of autophagy are adapted to hyperglycaemia in skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetes.
Article in Diabetologia, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mitophagy and Noncoding RNA Regulation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Molecular Mechanisms, Tissue-Specific Evidence and Translational Perspective.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- The unfolded protein response and its activation by insulin in muscle are not altered by obesity or type 2 diabetes.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2026Article
- Autophagy in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Beyond the Protective Paradigm.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- Effect of acute exercise and exercise training on the ability of insulin to clear branched-chain amino acids from plasma in obesity and type 2 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2025Article
- The Effect of Nutrient Deprivation on Markers of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Transcriptome in Normal and Type-2 Diabetic Human Skeletal Muscle Myoblasts.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2025Article
- Review
- Identification and Functional Analysis of Novel Long Intergenic RNA in Chicken Macrophages Infected with Avian PathogenicMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Autophagy alterations in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: the evidence from human studies.Internal and emergency medicine · 2024Review
- Novel insights into the role of mitochondria in diabetic cardiomyopathy: molecular mechanisms and potential treatments.Cell stress & chaperones · 2023Review
- Article
- Article
- (Dys)regulation of Protein Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle of Humans With Obesity.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- Amelioration of diabetes-induced inflammation mediated pyroptosis, sarcopenia, and adverse muscle remodelling by bone morphogenetic protein-7.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2021Article
- Skeletal muscle atrophy in heart failure with diabetes: from molecular mechanisms to clinical evidence.ESC heart failure · 2021Review
- Communication Between Autophagy and Insulin Action: At the Crux of Insulin Action-Insulin Resistance?Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Impact of Mitophagy and Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response as New Adaptive Mechanisms Underlying Old Pathologies: Sarcopenia and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Neither autophagy nor exercise training mode affect exercise-induced beneficial adaptations in high fat-fed mice.Sports medicine and health science · 2020Article
- Altered mitochondrial network morphology and regulatory proteins in mitochondrial quality control in myotubes from severely obese humans with or without type 2 diabetes.Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme · 2020Article
- Involvement of TGF-β and Autophagy Pathways in Pathogenesis of Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review on Biological and Pharmacological Insights.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Review
- Relationship Between Oxidative Stress, ER Stress, and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes: The Battle Continues.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aims/hypothesisAutophagy is a catabolic process that maintains cellular homeostasis by degradation of protein aggregates and selective removal of damaged organelles, e.g. mitochondria (mitophagy). Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle has been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and altered protein metabolism. Here, we investigated whether abnormalities in autophagy are present in human muscle in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
methodsUsing a case-control design, skeletal muscle biopsies obtained in the basal and insulin-stimulated states from patients with type 2 diabetes during both euglycaemia and hyperglycaemia, and from glucose-tolerant lean and obese individuals during euglycaemia, were used for analysis of mRNA levels, protein abundance and phosphorylation of autophagy-related proteins.
resultsMuscle transcript levels of autophagy-related genes (ULK1, BECN1, PIK3C3, ATG5, ATG7, ATG12, GABARAPL1, MAP1LC3B, SQSTM1, TP53INP2 and FOXO3A [also known as FOXO3]), including some specific for mitophagy (BNIP3, BNIP3L and MUL1), and protein abundance of autophagy-related gene (ATG)7 and Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), as well as content and phosphorylation of forkhead box O3A (FOXO3A) were similar among the groups. Insulin reduced lipidation of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)B-I to LC3B-II, a marker of autophagosome formation, with no effect on p62/sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) content in muscle of lean and obese individuals. In diabetic patients, insulin action on LC3B was absent and p62/SQSTM1 content increased when studied under euglycaemia, whereas the responses of LC3B and p62/SQSTM1 to insulin were normalised during hyperglycaemia. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationOur results demonstrate that the levels of autophagy-related genes and proteins in muscle are normal in obesity and type 2 diabetes. This suggests that muscle autophagy in type 2 diabetes has adapted to hyperglycaemia, which may contribute to preserve muscle mass.
Indexed as
Identifiers
26048236What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.