Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26048143›Full record

ArticleParasites & vectors2015

A standard cytogenetic map of Culex quinquefasciatus polytene chromosomes in application for fine-scale physical mapping.

Maria F Unger, Maria V Sharakhova, Adam J Harshbarger, Patrick Glass, Frank H Collins

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Parasites & vectors, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Ecotypes,bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Maria F UngerDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA. Munger1@alumni.nd.edu.
Maria V SharakhovaDepartment of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA. Msharakh@vt.edu.
Adam J HarshbargerDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA. Aharshba@alumni.nd.edu.
Patrick GlassDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA. Patrick.Glass13@gmail.com.
Frank H CollinsDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA. Frank@nd.edu.
University of Notre Dame · USVirginia Tech · US

Funding

Chromosome-based genome assembly for Culex quinquefasciatusR21AI101345 · NIAID · VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND ST UNIV · PI SHARAKHOVA, MARIA · 2013 to 2014
$450k
NIAID NIH HHS HHSN272200900039CNIAID NIH HHS R21 AI101345PHS HHS HHSN272200900039C
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSouthern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus belongs to the C. pipiens cryptic species complex, with global distribution and unclear taxonomy. Mosquitoes of the complex can transmit human and animal pathogens, such as filarial worm, West Nile virus and avian malarial Plasmodium. Physical gene mapping is crucial to understanding genome organization, function, and systematic relationships of cryptic species, and is a basis for developing new vector control strategies. However, physical mapping was not established previously for Culex due to the lack of well-structured polytene chromosomes.

methodsInbreeding was used to diminish inversion polymorphism and asynapsis of chromosomal homologs. Identification of larvae of the same developmental stage using the shape of imaginal discs allowed achievement of uniformity in chromosomal banding pattern. This together with high-resolution phase-contrast photography enabled the development of a cytogenetic map. Fluorescent in situ hybridization was used for gene mapping.

resultsA detailed cytogenetic map of C. quinquefasciatus polytene chromosomes was produced. Landmarks for chromosome recognition and cytological boundaries for two inversions were identified. Locations of 23 genes belonging to 16 genomic supercontigs, and 2 cDNA were established. Six supercontigs were oriented and one was found putatively misassembled. The cytogenetic map was linked to the previously developed genetic linkage groups by corresponding positions of 2 genetic markers and 10 supercontigs carrying genetic markers. Polytene chromosomes were numbered according to the genetic linkage groups.

conclusionsThis study developed a new standard cytogenetic photomap of the polytene chromosomes for C. quinquefasciatus and was applied for the fine-scale physical mapping. It allowed us to infer chromosomal position of 1333 of annotated genes belonging to 16 genomic supercontigs and find orientation of 6 of these supercontigs; the new cytogenetic and previously developed genetic linkage maps were integrated based on 12 matches. The map will further assist in finding chromosomal position of the medically important and other genes, contributing into improvement of the genome assembly. Better assembled C. quinquefasciatus genome can serve as a reference for studying other vector species of C. pipiens complex and will help to resolve their taxonomic relationships. This, in turn, will contribute into future development of vector and disease control strategies.

Indexed as

AnimalsChromosomes, InsectCulexIn Situ Hybridization, FluorescencePhysical Chromosome MappingPolytene Chromosomes

Identifiers

PMID26048143
PMCPMC4465148
OpenAlexW1491409946

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.