ArticleIranian biomedical journal2015
Association of tcdA+/tcdB+ Clostridium difficile Genotype with Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant Strains Conferring Metronidazole Resistant Phenotype.
Article in Iranian biomedical journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antimicrobial resistance in Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile derived from humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2020Pooled it
- The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Clostridium species in Iran: a meta-analysis.Pathogens and global health · 2019Pooled it
- Antibiotic Resistances of Clostridioides difficile.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Article
- Toxin gene profiles and antimicrobial resistance ofIranian journal of microbiology · 2021Article
- Blastocystis and Clostridioides difficile: Evidence for a Synergistic Role in Colonization Among IBD Patients with Emphasis on Ulcerative Colitis.The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology · 2021Article
- Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of toxigenic Clostridium difficilestrains isolated in IranTurkish journal of medical sciences · 2019Article
- The rate and importance ofGastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench · 2019Article
- Pathogenicity locus determinants and toxinotyping ofNew microbes and new infections · 2018Article
- Prevalence of binary-toxin genes (Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundReduced susceptibility of Clostridium difficile to antibiotics is problematic in clinical settings. There is new evidence indicating the cotransfer of toxin-encoding genes and conjugative transposons encoding resistance to antibiotics among different C. difficile strains. To analyze this association, in the current study, we evaluated the frequency of toxigenic C. difficile among the strains with different multidrug-resistant (MDR) profiles in Iran.
methodsAntimicrobial susceptibility patterns and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the isolates were determined against metronidazole, imipenem, ceftazidime, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin by agar dilution method. The association of the resistance profiles and toxigenicity of the strains were studied by PCR targeting tcdA and tcdB genes.
resultsAmong 86 characterized strains, the highest and lowest resistance rates were related to ciprofloxacin (97%) and metronidazole (5%), respectively. The frequency of resistance to other antibiotics was as follow: imipenem (48%), ceftazidime (76%), and amikacin (76.5%). Among the resistant strains, double drug resistance and MDR phenotypes were detected in the frequencies of 10.4% and 66.2%, respectively. All of the metronidazole-resistant strains belonged to tcdA +/tcdB + genotype with triple or quintuple drug resistance phenotypes. MIC50 and MIC90 for this antibiotic was equally ≤ 8 μg/ml.
conclusionThese results proposed the association of tcdA +/tcdB + genotype of C. difficile and the emergence of resistance strains to broad-spectrum antibiotics and metronidazole.
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