ArticlePesticide biochemistry and physiology2015
Carbamate and pyrethroid resistance in the akron strain of Anopheles gambiae.
Article in Pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- The attrition, physical and insecticidal durability of two dual active ingredient nets (Interceptor® G2 and Royal Guard®) in Benin, West Africa: results from a durability study embedded in a cluster randomised controlled trial.Parasites & vectors · 2024Trial
- Bromide is a surprisingly potent larvicide for Anopheles gambiae in the laboratory.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of carbamate resistance in the malaria vector:Parasite epidemiology and control · 2026Review
- Does washing insecticide-treated nets 20 times for experimental hut evaluations provide a suitable proxy for their end-of-life performance under household conditions?Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Evaluating the potential of Kalanchoe pinnata, Piper amalago amalago, and other botanicals as economical insecticidal synergists against Anopheles gambiae.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Identification and biophysical characterization of potential phytochemical inhibitors of carboxyl/choline esterase from Helicoverpa armigera for advancing integrated pest management strategies.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Identifying suitable methods for evaluating the sterilizing effects of pyriproxyfen on adult malaria vectors: a comparison of the oviposition and ovary dissection methods.Malaria journal · 2024Article
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- The effects of mepiquat chloride (DPC) on the soluble protein content and the activities of protective enzymes in cotton in response to aphid feeding and on the activities of detoxifying enzymes in aphids.BMC plant biology · 2022Article
- Vapor phase repellency and insecticidal activity of pyridinyl amides against anopheline mosquitoes.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2021Article
- Current Approaches to and Future Perspectives on Methomyl Degradation in Contaminated Soil/Water Environments.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Rapid multiplex gene expression assays for monitoring metabolic resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae.Parasites & vectors · 2019Article
- Characterizing Permethrin and Etofenprox Resistance in Two Common Laboratory Strains ofInsects · 2018Article
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- Impaired reproduction and individual growth of the water flea Daphnia magna as consequence of exposure to the non-ester pyrethroid etofenprox.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2018Article
- Inwardly Rectifying Potassium (Kir) Channels Represent a Critical Ion Conductance Pathway in the Nervous Systems of Insects.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Discovery of Species-selective and Resistance-breaking Anticholinesterase Insecticides for the Malaria Mosquito.Current medicinal chemistry · 2017Review
- An insecticide resistance-breaking mosquitocide targeting inward rectifier potassium channels in vectors of Zika virus and malaria.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Insecticidal decay effects of long-lasting insecticide nets and indoor residual spraying on Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis in Western Kenya.Parasites & vectors · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Insecticide resistance in the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae, is a serious problem, epitomized by the multi-resistant Akron strain, originally isolated in the country of Benin. Here we report resistance in this strain to pyrethroids and DDT (13-fold to 35-fold compared to the susceptible G3 strain), but surprisingly little resistance to etofenprox, a compound sometimes described as a "pseudo-pyrethroid." There was also strong resistance to topically-applied commercial carbamates (45-fold to 81-fold), except for the oximes aldicarb and methomyl. Biochemical assays showed enhanced cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and carboxylesterase activity, but not that of glutathione-S-transferase. A series of substituted α,α,α,-trifluoroacetophenone oxime methylcarbamates were evaluated for enzyme inhibition potency and toxicity against G3 and Akron mosquitoes. The compound bearing an unsubstituted phenyl ring showed the greatest toxicity to mosquitoes of both strains. Low cross resistance in Akron was retained by all analogs in the series. Kinetic analysis of acetylcholinesterase activity and its inhibition by insecticides in the G3 strain showed inactivation rate constants greater than that of propoxur, and against Akron enzyme inactivation rate constants similar to that of aldicarb. However, inactivation rate constants against recombinant human AChE were essentially identical to that of the G3 strain. Thus, the acetophenone oxime carbamates described here, though potent insecticides that control resistant Akron mosquitoes, require further structural modification to attain acceptable selectivity and human safety.
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