ArticlePloS one2015
Development of Sustained Release "NanoFDC (Fixed Dose Combination)" for Hypertension - An Experimental Study.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Spotlight on PLGA-based Nanoparticles: Pioneering a New Era in the Therapeutics of Cardiovascular Disorders.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Review
- Potential Strategies to Reduce Blood Pressure in Treatment-Resistant Hypertension Using Food and Drug Administration-Approved Nanodrug Delivery Platforms.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2019Review
- Bio Pharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class IV Drug Nanoparticles: Quantum Leap to Improve Their Therapeutic Index.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2018Article
- Nanocarriers as treatment modalities for hypertension.Drug delivery · 2017Review
- Preparation of Hydrochlorothiazide Nanoparticles for Solubility Enhancement.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Article
- Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles.Signal transduction and targeted therapyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe present study was planned to formulate, characterize and evaluate the pharmacokinetics of a novel "NanoFDC" comprising three commonly prescribed anti-hypertensive drugs, hydrochlorothiazide (a diuretic), candesartan (ARB) and amlodipine (a calcium channel blocker). BASIC
methodsThe candidate drugs were loaded in Poly (DL-lactide-co-gycolide) (PLGA) by emulsion- diffusion-evaporation method. The formulations were evaluated for their size, morphology, drug loading and in vitro release individually. Single dose pharmacokinetic profiles of the nanoformulations alone and in combination, as a NanoFDC, were evaluated in Wistar rats.
resultsThe candidate drugs encapsulated inside PLGA showed entrapment efficiencies ranging from 30%, 33.5% and 32% for hydrochlorothiazide, candesartan and amlodipine respectively. The nanoparticles ranged in size from 110 to 180 nm. In vitro release profile of the nanoformulation showed 100% release by day 6 in the physiological pH 7.4 set up with PBS (phosphate buffer saline) and by day 4-5 in the intestinal pH 1.2 and 8.0 set up SGF (simulated gastric fluid) and SIF (simulated intestinal fluid) respectively. In pharmacokinetic analysis a sustained-release for 6 days and significant increase in the mean residence time (MRT), as compared to the respective free drugs was noted [MRT of amlodipine, hydrochlorothiazide and candesartan changed from 8.9 to 80.59 hours, 11 to 69.20 hours and 9 to 101.49 hours respectively].
conclusionWe have shown for the first time that encapsulating amlodipine, hydrochlorothiazide and candesartan into a single nanoformulation, to get the "NanoFDC (Fixed Dose Combination)" is a feasible strategy which aims to decrease pill burden.
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