ArticleEJNMMI physics2015
Performance assessment of a NaI(Tl) gamma counter for PET applications with methods for improved quantitative accuracy and greater standardization.
Article in EJNMMI physics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Calibration and count rate performance of NaI(Tl) gamma counters for quantifying the activityJournal of applied clinical medical physics · 2026Article
- An Overview of In Vitro Assays ofDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Measurement of PET Quantitative Bias In Vivo.Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2021Article
- ZR-75-1 breast cancer models to study the utility ofTranslational cancer research · 2021Article
- Development of a non-radiometric method for measuring the arterial input function of aScientific reports · 2020Article
- Multimodal Nanocarrier Probes Reveal Superior Biodistribution Quantification by Isotopic Analysis over Fluorescence.ACS nano · 2020Article
- Primary standardization ofApplied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine · 2020Article
- A Monte Carlo Method for Determining the Response Relationship between Two Commonly Used Detectors to Indirectly Measure Alpha Particle Radiation Activity.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Survey Result of the Counting Efficiency of Gamma Counter by Certified Reference Materials.Nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2018Article
- Accuracy and precision assessment for activity quantification in individualized dosimetry ofEJNMMI physics · 2017Article
- Evaluation of Cross-CalibratedTomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough NaI(Tl) gamma counters play an important role in many quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) protocols, their calibration for positron-emitting samples has not been standardized across imaging sites. In this study, we characterized the operational range of a gamma counter specifically for positron-emitting radionuclides, and we assessed the role of traceable (68)Ge/(68)Ga sources for standardizing system calibration.
methodsA NaI(Tl) gamma counter was characterized with respect to count rate performance, adequacy of detector shielding, system stability, and sample volume effects using positron-emitting radionuclides (409- to 613-keV energy window). System efficiency was measured using (18)F and compared with corresponding data obtained using a long-lived (68)Ge/(68)Ga source that was implicitly traceable to a national standard.
resultsOne percent count loss was measured at 450 × 10(3) counts per minute. Penetration of the detector shielding by 511-keV photons gave rise to a negligible background count rate. System stability tests showed a coefficient of variation of 0.13% over 100 days. For a sample volume of 4 mL, the efficiencies relative to those at 0.1 mL were 0.96, 0.94, 0.91, 0.78, and 0.72 for (11)C, (18)F, (125)I, (99m)Tc, and (51)Cr, respectively. The efficiency of a traceable (68)Ge/(68)Ga source was 30.1% ± 0.07% and was found to be in close agreement with the efficiency for (18)F after consideration of the different positron fractions.
conclusionsLong-lived (68)Ge/(68)Ga reference sources, implicitly traceable to a national metrology institute, can aid standardization of gamma counter calibration for (18)F. A characteristic feature of positron emitters meant that accurate calibration could be maintained over a wide range of sample volumes by using a narrow energy window centered on the 511-keV peak.
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