ArticleHepatology (Baltimore, Md.)2016
Absence of the intestinal microbiota exacerbates hepatobiliary disease in a murine model of primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Article in Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 111 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
111 citing papers in PubMed, 214 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal Autoimmunity to Cell-Bound GP2 Isoforms Is a Sensitive Marker in PSC and Associated With the Clinical Phenotype.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Trial
- LECT2 deficiency contributes to bile acid metabolic reprogramming and cholestatic liver injury.Hepatology communications · 2026Article
- The gut-liver/bile axis: Gut microbiota and bacterial extracellular vesicles remodeling hepatobiliary pathogenesis.iScience · 2026Review
- The Dual Roles of Gut Microbiota in Biliary Atresia: Mechanisms, Biomarker Potential, and Therapeutic Implications.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Dysbiosis in the Gut-Liver Axis Is Associated With Low Bone Mass During Murine Cholestasis.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Gut microbiome and bile acid metabolism in liver disease: Mechanisms, clinical implications, and therapeutic opportunities.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- Conserved Ductular Reaction Mechanisms in Biliary Atresia and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Derived From Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Review
- Research trends on autoimmune liver diseases and gut microbiota (1989-2025): a bibliometric and visualization analysis based on the web of science core collection database.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Gut microbiome in biliary atresia.World journal of pediatric surgery · 2026Review
- Cellular senescence in liver diseases: From molecular drivers to therapeutic targeting.Journal of hepatology · 2026Review
- Understanding crosstalk between the gut and liver microbiome: pathogenesis to therapeutic approaches in liver cancer.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Biliary fibrosis is an important but neglected pathological feature in hepatobiliary disorders: from molecular mechanisms to clinical implications.Medical review (2021) · 2024Review
- Analysis of the intestinal microbiota and profiles of blood amino acids and acylcarnitines in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- The gut-liver axis in hepatobiliary diseases.Inflammation and regeneration · 2024Review
- Analysis of gut microecological characteristics and differences between children with biliary atresia and non-biliary atresia in infantile cholestasis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Causal associations between gut microbiota and Cholestatic liver diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Alterations in gut microbiota and metabolite profiles in patients with infantile cholestasis.BMC microbiology · 2023Article
- Gut microbiota depletion aggravates bile acid-induced liver pathology in mice with a human-like bile acid composition.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2023Article
- The Role of Gut Microbiome-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acid Butyrate in Hepatobiliary Diseases.The American journal of pathology · 2023Review
51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelledPrimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic, idiopathic, fibroinflammatory cholangiopathy. The role of the microbiota in PSC etiopathogenesis may be fundamentally important, yet remains obscure. We tested the hypothesis that germ-free (GF) mutltidrug resistance 2 knockout (mdr2(-/-) ) mice develop a distinct PSC phenotype, compared to conventionally housed (CV) mdr2(-/-) mice. Mdr2(-/-) mice (n = 12) were rederived as GF by embryo transfer, maintained in isolators, and sacrificed at 60 days in parallel with age-matched CV mdr2(-/-) mice. Serum biochemistries, gallbladder bile acids, and liver sections were examined. Histological findings were validated morphometrically, biochemically, and by immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM). Cholangiocyte senescence was assessed by p16(INK4a) in situ hybridization in liver tissue and by senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining in a culture-based model of insult-induced senescence. Serum biochemistries, including alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and bilirubin, were significantly higher in GF mdr2(-/-) (P < 0.01). Primary bile acids were similar, whereas secondary bile acids were absent, in GF mdr2(-/-) mice. Fibrosis, ductular reaction, and ductopenia were significantly more severe histopathologically in GF mdr2(-/-) mice (P < 0.01) and were confirmed by hepatic morphometry, hydroxyproline assay, and IFM. Cholangiocyte senescence was significantly increased in GF mdr2(-/-) mice and abrogated in vitro by ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment.
conclusionsGF mdr2(-/-) mice exhibit exacerbated biochemical and histological features of PSC and increased cholangiocyte senescence, a characteristic and potential mediator of progressive biliary disease. UDCA, a commensal microbial metabolite, abrogates senescence in vitro. These findings demonstrate the importance of the commensal microbiota and its metabolites in protecting against biliary injury and suggest avenues for future studies of biomarkers and therapeutic interventions in PSC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.