Risk factors for treatment failure in surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism: the impact of change in surgical strategy and training procedures.

Surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) has a high cure-rate and few complications. Preoperative localization procedures have permitted a dramatic shift from routine bilateral exploration to focused, minimally invasive procedures. At Odense University Hospital, Denmark, the introduction of focused surgery was combined with training of new surgeons. The objective of this study was to identify possible risk factors for treatment failure with special focus on surgical strategy and training of new surgeons. A 6-year prospective and consecutive series of 567 pHPT patients operated at Odense University hospital, Denmark, was analyzed. A shift in strategy was made in 2006 and at the same time new surgeons started training in parathyroid surgery. Biochemical-, clinical- and follow-up data were analyzed. Overall cure-rate was 90.7 %. Complication rates were 1.1 % for hemorrhage, 1.1 % for wound infection and 0.9 % for recurrent nerve paralysis. The only significant predictor of treatment failure at 6 months was histology of hyperplasia (OR 4.3). Neither the introduction of minimal invasive surgical strategy nor the training of new surgeons had a significant influence on the rate of treatment failures. Hyperplasia is a significant predictor of treatment failure in pHPT surgery. A shift towards systematic preoperative localization with focused surgery as well as training of new surgeons can be done without negative impact on treatment results. Identification of the hyperplasia and multigland patients in need of bilateral cervical exploration is crucial to avoid failures and raise cure rates.