ArticleMicrobes and infection2015
Enigma of HIV-1 latent infection in astrocytes: an in-vitro study using protein kinase C agonist as a latency reversing agent.
Article in Microbes and infection, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- XQ2, a Novel Derivative of Resveratrol, Reactivates Latent HIV‑1 via the Activation of Positive Transcription Elongation Factor B.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Neurological, Behavioral, and Pathophysiological Characterization of the Co-Occurrence of Substance Use and HIV: A Narrative Review.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- HIV infection of non-classical cells in the brain.Retrovirology · 2023Review
- Identification, Quantification, and Characterization of HIV-1 Reservoirs in the Human Brain.Cells · 2022Article
- Brain HIV-1 latently-infected reservoirs targeted by the suicide gene strategy.Virology journal · 2021Article
- Review
- HIV infects astrocytes in vivo and egresses from the brain to the periphery.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Review
- Insights into the Gene Expression Profiles of Active and Restricted Red/Green-HIVJournal of virology · 2020Article
- HIV-1 and Compromised Adult Neurogenesis: Emerging Evidence for a New Paradigm of HAND PersistenceAIDS reviews · 2019Review
- A bibliometric review of drug repurposing.Drug discovery today · 2018Review
- Analysis of Select Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) Proteins for Restriction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1): HSV-1 gM Protein Potently Restricts HIV-1 by Preventing Intracellular Transport and Processing of Env gp160.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Evolution of Host Target Cell Specificity During HIV-1 Infection.Current HIV research · 2018Review
- Systemic HIV-1 infection produces a unique glial footprint in humanized mouse brains.Disease models & mechanisms · 2017Article
- Astrocytes Resist HIV-1 Fusion but Engulf Infected Macrophage Material.Cell reports · 2017Article
- Targeting the Brain Reservoirs: Toward an HIV Cure.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Review
- Epigenetic control of HIV-1 post integration latency: implications for therapy.Clinical epigenetics · 2015Review
- HIV-1, methamphetamine and astrocytes at neuroinflammatory Crossroads.Frontiers in microbiology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Purging HIV-1 to cure the infection in patients undergoing suppressive antiretroviral therapy requires targeting all possible viral reservoirs. Other than the memory CD4(+) T cells, several other HIV-1 reservoirs have been identified. HIV-1 infection in the brain as a reservoir is well documented, but not fully characterized. There, microglia, perivascular macrophages, and astrocytes can be infected by HIV-1. HIV-1 infection in astrocytes has been described as a nonproductive and primarily a latent infection. Using primary human astrocytes, we investigated latent HIV-1 infection and tested phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a protein kinase C agonist, as an HIV-1-latency- reversing agent in infected astrocytes. Chloroquine (CQ) was used to facilitate initial HIV-1 escape from endosomes in astrocytes. CQ significantly increased HIV-1 infection. But treatment with PMA or viral Tat protein was similar to untreated HIV-1-infected astrocytes. Long-term follow-up of VSV-envelope-pseudotyped HIV-1 infected astrocytes showed persistent infection for 110 days, indicating the active state of the virus.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.