ArticlePloS one2015
Elevated Serum Level of IL-35 Associated with the Maintenance of Maternal-Fetal Immune Tolerance in Normal Pregnancy.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Dynamics of Cytokines and Chemokines During the Peripartum Period in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2025Observational
- Exploring the Immunological Aspects and Treatments of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Recurrent Implantation Failure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The recombinant IL-35 and anti-Ebi3 antibody administration before implantation modulate immune regulation and fetal outcomes in an abortion-prone mouse model.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- B cells: roles in physiology and pathology of pregnancy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Biomolecules Involved in Both Metastasis and Placenta Accreta Spectrum-Does the Common Pathophysiological Pathway Exist?Cancers · 2023Review
- The Update Immune-Regulatory Role of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Recurrent Pregnancy Losses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- At Embryo Implantation Site IL-35 Secreted by Trophoblast, Polarizing T Cells towards IL-35+ IL-10+ IL-4+ Th2-Type Cells, Could Favour Fetal Allograft Tolerance and Pregnancy Success.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Effectiveness of ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic puncture for the diagnosis of low-level alpha-fetoprotein liver cancer patients.Translational cancer research · 2021Article
- Maternal Serum Cytokine Concentrations in Healthy Pregnancy and Preeclampsia.Journal of pregnancy · 2021Review
- Tryptophan catabolism to serotonin and kynurenine in women undergoing in-vitro fertilization.Physiological research · 2020Article
- Associations between microRNA (miR-25, miR-32, miR-125, and miR-222) polymorphisms and recurrent implantation failure in Korean women.Human genomics · 2019Article
- Patients with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage have abnormally high TGFß+ blood NK, NKT and T cells in the presence of abnormally low TGFß plasma levels.BMC immunology · 2019Article
- Immunological Basis for Recurrent Fetal Loss and Pregnancy Complications.Annual review of pathology · 2019Review
- Interleukin-35 Level Is Elevated in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection.International journal of medical sciences · 2018Article
- T helper cell subsets and related cytokines in infertile women undergoingClinical and experimental reproductive medicine · 2017Article
- Interluekin-35 in Asthma and Its Potential as an Effective Therapeutic Agent.Mediators of inflammation · 2017Review
- Elevated level of interleukin-35 in colorectal cancer induces conversion of T cells into iTr35 by activating STAT1/STAT3.Oncotarget · 2016Article
- Tryptophan metabolism, disposition and utilization in pregnancy.Bioscience reports · 2015Review
- Evaluation of IL-17 and IL-35 Serum Levels in Patients with Preeclampsia.Journal of reproduction & infertilityArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesIL-35 is a novel inhibitory cytokine. In this study, we investigate the serum levels of inhibitory cytokines IL-35, IL-10 and TGF-β in both normal pregnancies and non-pregnant females, and whether IL-35 is associated with the pathogenesis of recurrent spontaneous abortion. We also try to elucidate the relationships of IL-35 with estrogen and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).
methodsThe levels of IL-35, IL-10, TGF-β, estradiol (E2), unconjugated estriol (uE3) and AFP were analyzed in 120 normal pregnancies, 40 women suffering recurrent spontaneous abortion, 40 postpartum healthy women and 40 non-pregnant women by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The correlations between inhibitory cytokines, estrogen and AFP were assessed with the Spearman rank correlation coefficient.
resultsData are expressed as median and percentiles (Q1, Q3).The level of serum IL-35 in normal pregnancies was significantly higher than that in non-pregnant women [333.6 (59.32, 1391) pg/mL vs. 123.9 (8.763, 471.7) pg/mL; P < 0.001]. A significantly higher level of TGF-β was observed in the first trimester only as compared to non-pregnant women [473.4 (398.0, 580.5) pg/mL vs. 379.7 (311.0, 441.3) pg/mL, P < 0.01]. The difference in serum IL-10 level between pregnant women and non-pregnant women was not significant [8.602 (5.854, 12.89) pg/mL vs. 9.339 (5.691, 12.07) pg/mL; P > 0.05]. The level of serum IL-35 in recurrent spontaneous abortion was significantly lower than that in normal early pregnancy [220.4 (4.951, 702.0) pg/mL vs. 386.5 (64.37, 1355) pg/mL; P < 0.05]. The higher IL-35 level in first trimester pregnant women correlated with E2 (r = 0.3062, P < 0.01) and AFP (r = 0.3179, P < 0.01).
conclusionSerum levels of IL-35 increased in normal pregnancy and decreased in recurrent spontaneous abortion. Increased IL-35 correlated with estrogen and AFP levels in early pregnancy. IL-35 is becoming recognized as an active player in the maintenance of a successful pregnancy, but this is not the case for IL-10 or TGF-β.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.