ArticlePloS one2015
Cooking and season as risk factors for acute lower respiratory infections in African children: a cross-sectional multi-country analysis.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Indoor air pollution exposure and acute respiratory infection among under-five children in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Indoor air pollution from solid fuel on children pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Appraisal of Epidemiological Studies on Household Fuel Use and Its Health Effects Using Demographic and Health Surveys.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Understanding the effect of indoor air pollution on pneumonia in children under 5 in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of evidence.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2019Pooled it
- Trial
- Multidimensional energy poverty and childhood respiratory health across 26 low and lower middle income countries.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The effect of indoor air pollution on under-five child health in South Sudan.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Burden of headaches, eye irritation and respiratory symptoms among females stacking LPG with polluting cooking fuels: Modelling from peri-urban Cameroon, Ghana & Kenya.Energy nexus · 2024Article
- Multidimensional energy poverty and acute respiratory infection in children under 5 years of age: evidence from 22 low-income and middle-income countries.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2023Article
- Article
- Associations Between Indoor Air Pollutants and Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Infection Symptoms in Children Under 5: An Analysis of Data From the Indonesia Demographic Health Survey.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2023Article
- Trends and determinants of acute respiratory infection symptoms among under-five children in Cambodia: Analysis of 2000 to 2014 Cambodia demographic and health surveys.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Household Factors of Foodborne Diarrhea in Children under Five in Two Districts of Maputo, Mozambique.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Analysis of risk factors associated with acute respiratory infections among under-five children in Uganda.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Comparison of Respiratory Health Impacts Associated with Wood and Charcoal Biomass Fuels: A Population-Based Analysis of 475,000 Children from 30 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Association between Domestic Cooking Energy Source Type and Respiratory Infections among Children Aged under Five Years: Evidence from Demographic and Household Surveys in 37 Low-Middle Income Countries.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Use of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to identify confounders in applied health research: review and recommendations.International journal of epidemiology · 2021Review
- Household Smoke-Exposure Risks Associated with Cooking Fuels and Cooking Places in Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey Data.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Recommendations for building out mosquito-transmitted diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: the DELIVER mnemonic.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2021Article
- Place of food cooking is associated with acute respiratory infection among under-five children in Ethiopia: multilevel analysis of 2005-2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey data.Tropical medicine and health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAcute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) are a leading cause of death among African children under five. A significant proportion of these are attributable to household air pollution from solid fuel use.
methodsWe assessed the relationship between cooking practices and ALRI in pooled datasets of Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2000 and 2011 in countries of sub-Saharan Africa. The impacts of main cooking fuel, cooking location and stove ventilation were examined in 18 (n = 56,437), 9 (n = 23,139) and 6 countries (n = 14,561) respectively. We used a causal diagram and multivariable logistic mixed models to assess the influence of covariates at individual, regional and national levels.
resultsMain cooking fuel had a statistically significant impact on ALRI risk (p<0.0001), with season acting as an effect modifier (p = 0.034). During the rainy season, relative to clean fuels, the odds of suffering from ALRI were raised for kerosene (OR 1.64; CI: 0.99, 2.71), coal and charcoal (OR 1.54; CI: 1.21, 1.97), wood (OR 1.20; CI: 0.95, 1.51) and lower-grade biomass fuels (OR 1.49; CI: 0.93, 2.35). In contrast, during the dry season the corresponding odds were reduced for kerosene (OR 1.23; CI: 0.77, 1.95), coal and charcoal (OR 1.35; CI: 1.06, 1.72) and lower-grade biomass fuels (OR 1.07; CI: 0.69, 1.66) but increased for wood (OR 1.32; CI: 1.04, 1.66). Cooking location also emerged as a season-dependent statistically significant (p = 0.0070) determinant of ALRI, in particular cooking indoors without a separate kitchen during the rainy season (OR 1.80; CI: 1.30, 2.50). Due to infrequent use in Africa we could, however, not demonstrate an effect of stove ventilation.
conclusionsWe found differential and season-dependent risks for different types of solid fuels and kerosene as well as cooking location on child ALRI. Future household air pollution studies should consider potential effect modification of cooking fuel by season.
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