Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26042199›Full record

ReviewMolecular metabolism2015

Ghrelin.

T D Müller, R Nogueiras, M L Andermann, Z B Andrews, S D Anker, J Argente, R L Batterham, S C Benoit, C Y Bowers, F Broglio and 47 more

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Molecular metabolism, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 528 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
528citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
43.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

528 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 990 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Systematic Review: Does Exercise Training Influence Ghrelin Levels?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Pooled it
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  11. Ghrelin decreases sensitivity to negative feedback and increases prediction-error related caudate activity in humans, a randomized controlled trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024
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  18. The critical role of gut-brain signalling in eating behaviour and obesity.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026
    Review
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468 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

57 authors at 20 institutions in 13 countries.

T D MüllerInstitute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany.
R NogueirasDepartment of Physiology, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, University of Santiago de Compostela (CIMUS)-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS)-CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
M L AndermannDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Z B AndrewsDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
S D AnkerApplied Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
J ArgenteDepartment of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain ; Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBER Fisiopatología de la obesidad y nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
R L BatterhamCentre for Obesity Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
S C BenoitMetabolic Disease Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
C Y BowersTulane University Health Sciences Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Section, Peptide Research Section, New Orleans, LA, USA.
F BroglioDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
F F CasanuevaDepartment of Medicine, Santiago de Compostela University, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), CIBER de Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
D D'AlessioDuke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
I DepoortereTranslational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
A GeliebterNew York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Department of Medicine, St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
E GhigoDepartment of Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
P A ColeMonash Obesity & Diabetes Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
M CowleyDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia ; Monash Obesity & Diabetes Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
D E CummingsDivision of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
A DagherMcConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
S DianoDept of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
S L DicksonDepartment of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
C DiéguezDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
R GranataDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
H J GrillDepartment of Psychology, Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
K GroveDepartment of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA.
K M HabeggerComprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.
K HeppnerDivision of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
M L HeimanNuMe Health, 1441 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
L HolsenDepartments of Psychiatry and Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
B HolstDepartment of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
A InuiDepartment of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
J O JanssonInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
H KirchnerMedizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
M KorbonitsCentre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
B LaferrèreNew York Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
C W LeRouxDiabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Ireland.
M LopezDepartment of Physiology, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, University of Santiago de Compostela (CIMUS)-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS)-CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
S MorinInstitute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany.
M NakazatoDivision of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan.
R NassDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
D Perez-TilveDepartment of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
P T PflugerInstitute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany.
T W SchwartzDepartment of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
R J SeeleyDepartment of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
M SleemanDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Y SunChildren's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
L SusselDepartment of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
J TongDuke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
M O ThornerDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
A J van der LelyDepartment of Medicine, Erasmus University MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
L H T van der PloegRhythm Pharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA.
J M ZigmanDepartments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
M KojimaMolecular Genetics, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan.
K KangawaNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan.
R G SmithThe Scripps Research Institute, Florida Department of Metabolism & Aging, Jupiter, FL, USA.
T HorvathProgram in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
M H TschöpInstitute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany ; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
Monash University · AUCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin · DEHelmholtz Zentrum München · DEUniversity of Washington · USBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center · USColumbia University · USDuke University · USMcGill University · CAUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela · ESUniversity of Copenhagen · DKUniversity of Gothenburg · SEUniversity of Turin · ITYale University · USComplejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago · ESErasmus University Rotterdam · NLHospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús · ESInstituto de Salud Carlos III · ESJazz Pharmaceuticals (United States) · USJohns Hopkins Medicine · USKagoshima University · JP

Funding

Vector and Transgenic Mouse CoreP30DK017047 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Sakeneh Zraika · 1986 to 2026
$41.4M
RESEARCH TRAININGP30DK026687 · NIDDK · ST. LUKE'S-ROOSEVELT INST FOR HLTH SCIS · PI Anthony W Ferrante, DYMPNA GALLAGHER · 1986 to 2026
$33.0M
Transgenic CoreP30DK046200 · NIDDK · TUFTS MEDICAL CENTER · PI CORKEY, BARBARA E. · 1992 to 2021
$25.0M
NEURAL HIERARCHY IN THE MODULATION OF INGESTIVE BEHAVIORR01DK021397 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI GRILL, HARVEY J, HAYES, MATTHEW R · 1986 to 2021
$8.8M
Regulation of Pancreatic Islet Cell FateR01DK082590 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI LORI SUSSEL · 2009 to 2026
$7.3M
Protein Acylation and Methylation Mechanisms_Administrative SupplementR37GM062437 · NIGMS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI COLE, PHILIP A · 2013 to 2022
$4.1M
Mechanisms &Inhibition of Histone AcetyltransferasesR01GM062437 · NIGMS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI COLE, PHILIP A · 2001 to 2012
$3.8M
Regulatory Role of Growth Hormone Secretagogue ReceptorR01AG019230 · NIA · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI SMITH, ROY G · 2001 to 2012
$3.6M
Ghrelin Regulation: Implications for Understanding ObesityR01DK076037 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA · PI THORNER, MICHAEL O · 2008 to 2012
$2.7M
Functional Brain Imaging and Appetite-Related Hormones Pre and Post Obesity SurgeR01DK080153 · NIDDK · ST. LUKE'S-ROOSEVELT INST FOR HLTH SCIS · PI GELIEBTER, ALLAN · 2009 to 2013
$2.7M
Appetite Hormones in Binge Eating DisorderR01DK074046 · NIDDK · ST. LUKE'S-ROOSEVELT INST FOR HLTH SCIS · PI GELIEBTER, ALLAN · 2007 to 2012
$2.5M
Multiphoton Imaging of Thoughts of Food During Natural and Induced Hunger StatesDP2DK105570 · NIDDK · BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER · PI ANDERMANN, MARK L · 2014 to 2014
$2.5M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG019230NIA NIH HHS R01 AG029740NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA024680NIDDK NIH HHS DP2 DK105570NIDDK NIH HHS K01 DK098319NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK017047NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK026687NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK046200NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK021397NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK054080NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK074046NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK076037NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK080153NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK082590NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK093848NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK097550NIDDK NIH HHS R03 DK068603NIDDK NIH HHS R56 DK021397NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM062437NIGMS NIH HHS R37 GM062437NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH091222NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH085298Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe gastrointestinal peptide hormone ghrelin was discovered in 1999 as the endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Increasing evidence supports more complicated and nuanced roles for the hormone, which go beyond the regulation of systemic energy metabolism. SCOPE OF REVIEW: In this review, we discuss the diverse biological functions of ghrelin, the regulation of its secretion, and address questions that still remain 15 years after its discovery. MAJOR

conclusionsIn recent years, ghrelin has been found to have a plethora of central and peripheral actions in distinct areas including learning and memory, gut motility and gastric acid secretion, sleep/wake rhythm, reward seeking behavior, taste sensation and glucose metabolism.

Indexed as

GhrelinGrowth hormone segretagogue receptor

Identifiers

PMID26042199
PMCPMC4443295
OpenAlexW4211061743

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.