ReviewFrontiers in immunology2015
B cells and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: search for the missing link.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Management guidelines for paediatric patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2019Guideline
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy as the initial manifestation of relapsed lymphoma: a case report.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Live long and persist: polyomavirus immune evasion in the brain and kidney.Future virology · 2025Article
- Exploring the Interaction Mechanisms of Antibody-Mediated Immune Responses with Gout and Rheumatoid Arthritis Through a Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- Case Report: Neurofilament light chain in the follow up of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Understanding immune microenvironment alterations in the brain to improve the diagnosis and treatment of diverse brain diseases.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Consequence of Patient-Intrinsic or -Extrinsic Factors?Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Bridging the Gap: Immunotherapy in Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: A New Hope?Neurology · 2023Article
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients treated with chimeric antigen receptor T cells.Blood · 2023Article
- Breaching Brain Barriers: B Cell Migration in Multiple Sclerosis.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in B-CLL Successfully Treated With Venetoclax and Pembrolizumab.HemaSphere · 2022Article
- It is time to adapt anti-CD20 administration schedules to allow efficient anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with lymphoid malignancies.Haematologica · 2022Article
- Changes in John Cunningham Virus Index in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Different Disease-Modifying Therapies.Current neuropharmacology · 2022Article
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in dimethyl fumarate-treated multiple sclerosis patients.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2022Review
- Understanding progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: links between milky-way appearance and mismatch T2/FLAIR.The neuroradiology journal · 2021Article
- Prolonged in-hospital stay and higher mortality after Covid-19 among patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with B-cell depleting immunotherapy.American journal of hematology · 2021Article
- Long-Term Survival after Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Patient with Primary Immune Deficiency and NFKB1 Mutation.Journal of clinical immunology · 2020Review
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with systemic sclerosis treated with methotrexate: A case report and literature review.Journal of scleroderma and related disorders · 2020Article
- Sequential interleukin 2 and pembrolizumab use in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2020Article
- B Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Virus-Induced Neuroinflammation.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a deadly demyelinating disease due to JC virus (JCV) replication in the brain. PML classically occurs in patients with severe immunodepression, and cases have recently been linked to therapeutic monoclonal antibodies such as natalizumab and also rituximab, which depletes B cells. B cells appear to play a complex role in the pathogenesis of PML. They may act as a viral reservoir and as a vector for viral dissemination in the central nervous system. Anti-JCV antibody responses appear to have a limited effect on JCV replication in the brain. However, accumulating evidence suggests that B cells may considerably influence T cell responses through their cytokine secretion. This immunomodulatory function of B cells may play an important role in the control of JCV infection and in the pathogenesis of PML, including rituximab-induced PML.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.