ReviewBMC medicine2015
Regulation profiles of e-cigarettes in the United States: a critical review with qualitative synthesis.
Review in BMC medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review.American journal of preventive medicine · 2017Pooled it
- Global trends in e-cigarette regulatory compliance: A bibliometric analysis of policies and emerging challenges.Medicine · 2026Article
- Prospective association of e-cigarette and cigarette use with alcohol use in two waves of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2020Article
- Nicotine in E-cigarette smoke: cancer culprit?Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2020Article
- The Effect of E-cigarette Commercials on Youth Smoking: A Prospective Study.American journal of health behavior · 2019Article
- Transnational Tobacco Companies and New Nicotine Delivery Systems.American journal of public health · 2019Review
- Evaluating State-Level Differences in E-cigarette and Cigarette Use Among Adults in the United States Between 2012 and 2014: Findings From the National Adult Tobacco Survey.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Article
- Arguments for amending smoke-free legislation in U.S. states to restrict use of electronic nicotine delivery systems.Preventive medicine reports · 2018Article
- Electronic Cigarette Use among American Indian Youth.Tobacco regulatory science · 2017Article
- Consumers' Preferences for Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Product Features: A Structured Content Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
- The Potential That Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Can be a Disruptive Technology: Results From a National Survey.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Article
- E-cigarette Policymaking by Local and State Governments: 2009-2014.The Milbank quarterly · 2016Article
- Toward automated e-cigarette surveillance: Spotting e-cigarette proponents on Twitter.Journal of biomedical informatics · 2016Article
- E-Cigarettes: Are They as Safe as the Public Thinks?Journal of the advanced practitioner in oncology · 2016Review
- Electronic Cigarettes on Hospital Campuses.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2015Article
- Regulation in the face of uncertainty: the evidence on electronic nicotine delivery systems (e-cigarettes).Risk management and healthcare policy · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundElectronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been steadily increasing in popularity since their introduction to US markets in 2007. Debates surrounding the proper regulatory mechanisms needed to mitigate potential harms associated with their use have focused on youth access, their potential for nicotine addiction, and the renormalization of a smoking culture. The objective of this study was to describe the enacted and planned regulations addressing this novel public health concern in the US.
methodsWe searched LexisNexis Academic under Federal Regulations and Registers, as well as State Administrative Codes and Registers. This same database was also used to find information about planned regulations in secondary sources. The search was restricted to US documents produced between January 1(st), 2004, and July 14(th), 2014.
resultsWe found two planned regulations at the federal level, and 74 enacted and planned regulations in 44 states. We identified six state-based regulation types, including i) access, ii) usage, iii) marketing and advertisement, iv) packaging, v) taxation, and vi) licensure. These were further classified into 10 restriction subtypes: sales, sale to minors, use in indoor public places, use in limited venues, use by minors, licensure, marketing and advertising, packaging, and taxation. Most enacted restrictions aimed primarily to limit youth access, while few regulations enforced comprehensive restrictions on product use and availability.
conclusionsCurrent regulations targeting e-cigarettes in the US are varied in nature and scope. There is greater consensus surrounding youth protection (access by minors and/or use by minors, and/or use in limited venues), with little consensus on multi-level regulations, including comprehensive use bans in public spaces.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.