ReviewDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2015
Plasma insulin profiles after subcutaneous injection: how close can we get to physiology in people with diabetes?
Review in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Treatments for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Ultra rapid lispro improves postprandial glucose control versus lispro in combination with basal insulin: a study based on CGM in type 2 diabetes in China.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Trial
- CamAPS FX Hybrid Closed-Loop with Ultra-Rapid Lispro Compared with Standard Lispro in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Crossover Study.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2023Trial
- Molecular and pharmacological characterization of insulin icodec: a new basal insulin analog designed for once-weekly dosing.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2021Trial
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Insulin Tregopil in Relation to Premeal Dosing Time, Between Meal Interval, and Meal Composition in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Clinical pharmacology in drug development · 2020Trial
- Fast-acting insulin aspart in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes: Faster onset, higher early exposure and greater early glucose-lowering effect relative to insulin aspart.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2018Trial
- Investigation of Pump Compatibility of Fast-Acting Insulin Aspart in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2018Trial
- Glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia during 12 months of randomized treatment with insulin glargine 300 U/mL versus glargine 100 U/mL in people with type 1 diabetes (EDITION 4).Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2018Trial
- Modeling Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Insulin Regimens to Enhance Understanding of Subcutaneous Insulin Regimens.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2017Trial
- Insulin Injection Behaviors and Association with Glycemic Outcomes in Patients with Diabetes: A Real-World Survey in Spain.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Article
- Closed-loop therapy: recent advancements and potential predictors of glycemic outcomes.Expert opinion on drug delivery · 2025Review
- Design of a novel long-acting insulin analogs by acetylation modification and compared with insulin Icodec.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Insulin enhances acid-sensing ion channel currents in rat primary sensory neurons.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Recent advances in oral insulin delivery technologies.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2024Article
- Fast-Acting Insulin Aspart in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes in Real-World Clinical Practice: A Noninterventional, Retrospective Chart and Database Study.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2023Article
- Self-Determination Theory and Quality of Life of Adults with Diabetes: A Scoping Review.Journal of diabetes research · 2023Article
- Insulin: evolution of insulin formulations and their application in clinical practice over 100 years.Acta diabetologica · 2022Review
- Insulin sensitizes neural and vascular TRPV1 receptors in the trigeminovascular system.The journal of headache and pain · 2022Article
- Can Faster Aspart Be Used to Optimize Glycemic Control With Insulin Pump Therapy? From Expectations to Lessons Learned After a Year of Use in the United States.Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many people with diabetes rely on insulin therapy to achieve optimal blood glucose control. A fundamental aim of such therapy is to mimic the pattern of 'normal' physiological insulin secretion, thereby controlling basal and meal-time plasma glucose and fatty acid turnover. In people without diabetes, insulin release is modulated on a time base of 3-10 min, something that is impossible to replicate without intravascular glucose sensing and insulin delivery. Overnight physiological insulin delivery by islet β cells is unchanging, in contrast to requirements once any degree of hyperglycaemia occurs, when diurnal influences are evident. Subcutaneous pumped insulin or injected insulin analogues can approach the physiological profile, but there remains the challenge of responding to day-to-day changes in insulin sensitivity. Physiologically, meal-time insulin release begins rapidly in response to reflex activity and incretins, continuing with the rise in glucose and amino acid concentrations. This rapid response reflects the need to fill the insulin space with maximum concentration as early as 30 min after starting the meal. Current meal-time insulins, by contrast, are associated with a delay after injection before absorption begins, and a delay to peak because of tissue diffusion. While decay from peak for monomeric analogues is not dissimilar to average physiological needs, changes in meal type and, again, in day-to-day insulin sensitivity, are difficult to match. Recent and current developments in insulin depot technology are moving towards establishing flatter basal and closer-to-average physiological meal-time plasma insulin profiles. The present article discusses the ideal physiological insulin profile, how this can be met by available and future insulin therapies and devices, and the challenges faced by healthcare professionals and people with diabetes in trying to achieve an optimum plasma insulin profile.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.