ArticleEmerging microbes & infections2014
A gorilla reservoir for human T-lymphotropic virus type 4.
Article in Emerging microbes & infections, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV): Epidemiology, Genetic, Pathogenesis, and Future Challenges.Viruses · 2025Review
- Milk Transmission of Mammalian Retroviruses.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Risk perceptions and behaviors of actors in the wild animal value chain in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.PloS one · 2022Article
- Contemporary Distribution, Estimated Age, and Prehistoric Migrations of Old World Monkey Retroviruses.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Frequent horizontal and mother-to-child transmission may contribute to high prevalence of STLV-1 infection in Japanese macaques.Retrovirology · 2020Article
- Silencers of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2: the pX-encoded latency-maintenance factors.Retrovirology · 2019Review
- HTLV-1: A real pathogen or a runaway guest of a diseased cell?Journal of biosciences · 2018Review
- Evaluation of Sensitivity and Specificity Performance of Elecsys HTLV-I/II Assay in a Multicenter Study in Europe and Japan.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2017Article
- Phyloepidemiological Analysis Reveals that Viral Divergence Led to the Paucity of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmus/gsn/mon Infections in Wild Populations.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Article
- Development of neurologic diseases in a patient with primate T lymphotropic virus type 1 (PTLV-1).Retrovirology · 2016Article
- Molecular Studies of HTLV-1 Replication: An Update.Viruses · 2016Review
- Genetic diversity of STLV-2 and interspecies transmission of STLV-3 in wild-living bonobos.Virus evolution · 2016Article
- Dual Simian Foamy Virus/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infections in Persons from Côte d'Ivoire.PloS one · 2016Article
- The decline of human endogenous retroviruses: extinction and survival.Retrovirology · 2015Article
- Discovery and characterization of auxiliary proteins encoded by type 3 simian T-cell lymphotropic viruses.Journal of virology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Of the seven known species of human retroviruses only one, human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 4 (HTLV-4), lacks a known animal reservoir. We report the largest screening for simian T-cell lymphotropic virus (STLV-4) to date in a wide range of captive and wild non-human primate (NHP) species from Cameroon. Among the 681 wild and 426 captive NHPs examined, we detected STLV-4 infection only among gorillas by using HTLV-4-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The large number of samples analyzed, the diversity of NHP species examined, the geographic distribution of infected animals relative to the known HTLV-4 case, as well as detailed phylogenetic analyses on partial and full genomes, indicate that STLV-4 is endemic to gorillas, and that rather than being an ancient virus among humans, HTLV-4 emerged from a gorilla reservoir, likely through the hunting and butchering of wild gorillas. Our findings shed further light on the importance of gorillas as keystone reservoirs for the evolution and emergence of human infectious diseases and provide a clear course for preventing HTLV-4 emergence through management of human contact with wild gorillas, the development of improved assays for HTLV-4/STLV-4 detection and the ongoing monitoring of STLV-4 among gorillas and for HTLV-4 zoonosis among individuals exposed to gorilla populations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.