ArticleEmerging microbes & infections2013
Rapidly produced SAM(®) vaccine against H7N9 influenza is immunogenic in mice.
Article in Emerging microbes & infections, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 138 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
138 citing papers in PubMed, 220 citations in OpenAlex.
- A self-amplifying mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate induces safe and robust protective immunity in preclinical models.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2022Trial
- Preclinical and Clinical Demonstration of Immunogenicity by mRNA Vaccines against H10N8 and H7N9 Influenza Viruses.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2017Trial
- mRNA vaccines for viral diseases: mechanism, advances, and future perspective.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Novel enzymatic DNA produced from a text file achieves comparable immune responses as plasmid vaccine.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Research progress of mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- From genetic code to global health: the impact of nucleic acid vaccines on disease prevention and treatment.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in mRNA-Based Vaccines Against Several Hepatitis Viruses.Biological procedures online · 2025Review
- The past, present, and future of RNA vaccines.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
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- mRNA vaccine platforms: linking infectious disease prevention and cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
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- Transforming vaccinology.Cell · 2024Review
- Immunogenicity and biodistribution of lipid nanoparticle formulated self-amplifying mRNA vaccines against H5 avian influenza.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- A landscape review of malaria vaccine candidates in the pipeline.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2024Review
- A comprehensive comparison of DNA and RNA vaccines.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2024Review
- Article
- RNA-Based Vaccines and Therapeutics Against Intracellular Pathogens.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Review
- mRNA vaccines: a new era in vaccine development.Oncology research · 2024Review
- Generation and Characterization of In Vitro Transcribed mRNA.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Trans-Amplifying RNA Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases: A Comparison with Non-Replicating and Self-Amplifying RNA.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
78 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
28 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The timing of vaccine availability is essential for an effective response to pandemic influenza. In 2009, vaccine became available after the disease peak, and this has motivated the development of next generation vaccine technologies for more rapid responses. The SAM(®) vaccine platform, now in pre-clinical development, is based on a synthetic, self-amplifying mRNA, delivered by a synthetic lipid nanoparticle (LNP). When used to express seasonal influenza hemagglutinin (HA), a SAM vaccine elicited potent immune responses, comparable to those elicited by a licensed influenza subunit vaccine preparation. When the sequences coding for the HA and neuraminidase (NA) genes from the H7N9 influenza outbreak in China were posted on a web-based data sharing system, the combination of rapid and accurate cell-free gene synthesis and SAM vaccine technology allowed the generation of a vaccine candidate in 8 days. Two weeks after the first immunization, mice had measurable hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) and neutralizing antibody titers against the new virus. Two weeks after the second immunization, all mice had HI titers considered protective. If the SAM vaccine platform proves safe, potent, well tolerated and effective in humans, fully synthetic vaccine technologies could provide unparalleled speed of response to stem the initial wave of influenza outbreaks, allowing first availability of a vaccine candidate days after the discovery of a new virus.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.