ArticleCancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)2015
Estrogen Protects against Obesity-Induced Mammary Gland Inflammation in Mice.
Article in Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physiological Functions and Pathological Roles of PXR.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2025Review
- Metabolic impact of endogenously produced estrogens by adipose tissue in females and males across the lifespan.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Reproductive history is associated with functional disabilities and symptoms in women with knee osteoarthritis: a case-control study.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- Pregnane X receptor knockout mitigates weight gain and hepatic metabolic dysregulation in female C57BL/6 J mice on a long-term high-fat diet.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2024Article
- Estrogen: the forgotten player in metaflammation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in Triple-Positive Breast Cancer Progression and Therapeutic Resistance.Cancers · 2023Review
- Review
- cPLA2 blockade attenuates S100A7-mediated breast tumorigenicity by inhibiting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2022Article
- Review
- Sex-Specific Regulation of Interferon-γ Cytotoxicity in Mouse Liver by Autophagy.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2021Article
- Sex hormones regulate metainflammation in diet-induced obesity in mice.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2021Article
- Article
- Estrogen markedly reduces circulating low-density neutrophils and enhances pro-tumoral gene expression in neutrophil of tumour-bearing mice.BMC cancer · 2021Article
- 17β-Estradiol Is Involved in the Sexual Dimorphism of the Immune Response to Malaria.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- Estrogen exacerbates mammary involution through neutrophil-dependent and -independent mechanism.eLife · 2020Article
- Obesity and Breast Cancer: The Role of Crown-Like Structures in Breast Adipose Tissue in Tumor Progression, Prognosis, and Therapy.Journal of breast cancer · 2020Review
- Pubertal mammary development as a "susceptibility window" for breast cancer disparity.Advances in cancer research · 2020Review
- Yin-yang effect of tumour cells in breast cancer: from mechanism of crosstalk between tumour-associated macrophages and cancer-associated adipocytes.American journal of cancer research · 2020Review
- Targeting ERβ in Macrophage Reduces Crown-like Structures in Adipose Tissue by Inhibiting Osteopontin and HIF-1α.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Supplemental estrogen and caloric restriction reduce obesity-induced periprostatic white adipose inflammation in mice.Carcinogenesis · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for the development of hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Obesity causes subclinical inflammation in white adipose tissue (WAT), characterized by macrophages surrounding dead or dying adipocytes forming crown-like structures (CLS). Estrogen synthesis is catalyzed by aromatase. Previously, we demonstrated CLS and elevated levels of proinflammatory mediators and aromatase in the mammary glands of obese mice and breast tissue of obese women. Here, we tested the hypothesis that supplemental estrogen could prevent or reverse WAT inflammation (WATi) and related molecular changes in the mammary gland. C57BL/6J mice were ovariectomized (OVX) to simulate the postmenopausal state. Supplementation with 17β-estradiol (E2) protected against high fat diet (HFD)-induced weight gain and mammary glands WATi. Expression of proinflammatory mediators (Cox-2, TNFα, IL1β) and aromatase were also reduced in the mammary glands of mice that received supplemental E2. Next, to determine whether E2 supplementation can reverse WATi, obese OVX mice were treated with E2 or placebo and then continued on HFD. E2 supplementation induced weight loss, reversed mammary gland inflammation, and downregulated expression of proinflammatory mediators and aromatase. Finally, we determined whether the protective effects of E2 were mediated by estrogen receptor-α (ERα). Knocking out ERα in ovary intact mice fed a HFD led to weight gain, WATi and elevated levels of proinflammatory mediators and aromatase mimicking the effects of OVX. Taken together, our findings indicate that estrogen via ERα protects against weight gain, WATi and associated increases in proinflammatory mediators and aromatase in the mammary gland.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.