Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26037226›Full record

ArticleMalaria journal2015

Characterization of the infectious reservoir of malaria with an agent-based model calibrated to age-stratified parasite densities and infectiousness.

Jaline Gerardin, André Lin Ouédraogo, Kevin A McCarthy, Philip A Eckhoff, Edward A Wenger

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Malaria journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  16. Critical transitions in malaria transmission models are consistently generated by superinfection.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2019
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jaline GerardinInstitute for Disease Modeling, Intellectual Ventures, 1555 132nd Ave NE, Bellevue, WA, 98005, USA. jgerardin@intven.com.
André Lin OuédraogoInstitute for Disease Modeling, Intellectual Ventures, 1555 132nd Ave NE, Bellevue, WA, 98005, USA. aouedraogo@intven.com.
Kevin A McCarthyInstitute for Disease Modeling, Intellectual Ventures, 1555 132nd Ave NE, Bellevue, WA, 98005, USA. kmccarthy@intven.com.
Philip A EckhoffInstitute for Disease Modeling, Intellectual Ventures, 1555 132nd Ave NE, Bellevue, WA, 98005, USA. peckhoff@intven.com.
Edward A WengerInstitute for Disease Modeling, Intellectual Ventures, 1555 132nd Ave NE, Bellevue, WA, 98005, USA. ewenger@intven.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundElimination of malaria can only be achieved through removal of all vectors or complete depletion of the infectious reservoir in humans. Mechanistic models can be built to synthesize diverse observations from the field collected under a variety of conditions and subsequently used to query the infectious reservoir in great detail.

methodsThe EMOD model of malaria transmission was calibrated to prevalence, incidence, asexual parasite density, gametocyte density, infection duration, and infectiousness data from nine study sites. The infectious reservoir was characterized by age and parasite detectability with diagnostics of varying sensitivity over a range of transmission intensities with and without case management and vector control. Mass screen-and-treat drug campaigns were tested for likelihood of achieving elimination.

resultsThe composition of the infectious reservoir is similar over a range of transmission intensities, and higher intensity settings are biased towards infections in children. Recent ramp-ups in case management and use of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) reduce the infectious reservoir and shift the composition towards sub-microscopic infections. Mass campaigns with anti-malarial drugs are highly effective at interrupting transmission if deployed shortly after ITN campaigns.

conclusionsLow-density infections comprise a substantial portion of the infectious reservoir. Proper timing of vector control, seasonal variation in transmission intensity and mass drug campaigns allows lingering population immunity to help drive a region towards elimination.

Indexed as

Insecticide-Treated BednetsMass ScreeningAdolescentAdultAfrica, WesternAgedAged, 80 and overAnimalsAntimalarialsChildChild, PreschoolCulicidaeDisease ReservoirsHumansIncidenceInfantAntimalarials

Identifiers

PMID26037226
PMCPMC4702301

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.