ArticlePathology oncology research : POR2015
Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal Type 1 (SPINK1) Promotes Proliferation of Colorectal Cancer Through the Epidermal Growth Factor as a Prognostic Marker.
Article in Pathology oncology research : POR, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Overcoming the Challenge: A Comprehensive Review of Neoadjuvant Treatment Resistance in Rectal Cancer.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2025Review
- SPINK1 immunohistochemistry: An ancillary tool to diagnose urothelial carcinoma in situ and urothelial dysplasia.Pathology, research and practice · 2025Article
- High SPINK1 Immunostaining in Colorectal Carcinoma is Associated with Poor Outcomes.Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2025Article
- The Carcinogenic Potential of Bisphenol A in the Liver Based on Transcriptomic Studies.Cancers · 2023Article
- Article
- The role of the tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer and the potential therapeutic approaches.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2022Review
- SPINK1 as a plasma marker for tumor hypoxia and a therapeutic target for radiosensitization.JCI insight · 2021Article
- Functional Roles of SPINK1 in Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Article
- SPINK1 is a prognosis predicting factor of non-small cell lung cancer and regulates redox homeostasis.Oncology letters · 2019Article
- Tazarotene-Induced Gene 1 (TIG1) Interacts with Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal-Type 2 (SPINK2) to Inhibit Cellular Invasion of Testicular Carcinoma Cells.BioMed research international · 2019Article
- Bad Tumors Made Worse: SPINK1.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2019Article
- SPINK1 promotes cell growth and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma and acts as a novel prognostic biomarker.BMB reports · 2018Article
- MAPK inhibitors induce serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) secretion in BRAF V600E-mutant colorectal adenocarcinoma.Molecular oncology · 2018Article
- Serum nectin-2 levels are diagnostic and prognostic in patients with colorectal carcinoma.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitor Kazal type-1 (SPINK1), a trypsin kinase inhibitor, is involved in inflammation, cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. The role and association between SPINK1, EGFR and Ki-67 in colorectal adenoma (CRA) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are still unknown. In this study, we used immunohistochemical stain to evaluate expression of SPINK1, EGFR and Ki-67 proteins in 30 CRA and 53 CRC patients semiquantitatively, and then analyzed their correlation with clinicopathologic parameters. Our results revealed that SPINK1 expression was noted in the upper and basal parts of the crypts in CRA and was more intensely related with cellular atypia. EGFR expression was found in 13 out of 30 adenomas, including 9 out of 15 adenomas with dysplasia or synchronous CRC (60 %), and 4 out of 15 adenomas without dysplasia (26.7 %). In CRC, high SPINK1 expression was significantly associated with males (p = 0.041) and advanced disease stage (p = 0.015). EGFR positivity was significantly correlated with higher T stage (p = 0.004) and disease stage (stage I-IV, p = 0.017; early vs. late, p = 0.015). Pearson's correlation showed positive correlation between the SPINK1 intensity and EGFR immunoreactivity (p = 0.011), and Ki-67 and SPINK1 intensity or percentage (p = 0.017 and p = 0.039 respectively). In Kaplan-Meier analyses, patients with high SPINK1 intensity tended to have shorter overall survival (p = 0.03). Concomitant expression of high SPINK1 intensity and EGFR was also identified as being associated with poor prognosis (p = 0.015). In conclusion, high SPINK1 expression is associated with advanced stage and poor prognosis. There is positive correlation between high SPINK1 expression, EGFR immunoreactivity, and high Ki-67 labeling index. The SPINK1 protein seems to play a role in tumor proliferation and malignant transformation through the EGFR pathway. SPINK1 may serve as a prognostic biomarker in therapeutic targeting in the future.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.