ArticlePloS one2015
PD-1 and Tim-3 Pathways Regulate CD8+ T Cells Function in Atherosclerosis.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- CD8Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- TIM-3 in Cardiovascular Disease.Current heart failure reports · 2026Review
- Unraveling Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Cardiovascular Toxicities: Pathway Insights, Mechanisms, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Anti-atherogenic immune checkpoint TIM-3 as a promising pharmacologic target toward ischemic heart diseases: a prospective review.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Patients with peripheral artery disease demonstrate altered expression of soluble and membrane-bound immune checkpoints.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The role of CXCL16 in atherosclerosis: from mechanisms to therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The role of immune checkpoints PD-1 and CTLA-4 in cardiovascular complications leading to heart failure.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The impact of immune checkpoint inhibition on atherosclerosis in cancer patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Involvement of Tim-3 in Maternal-fetal Tolerance: A Review of Current Understanding.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Association of T-Cell Phenotypes With Peri-Coronary Inflammation in People With and Without HIV and Without Cardiovascular Disease.Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging · 2025Observational
- Functional interaction between immune checkpoints and lipid metabolism in the development of arteriosclerosis obliterans.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immune Checkpoints Are New Therapeutic Targets in Regulating Cardio-, and Cerebro-Vascular Diseases and CD4International journal of drug discovery and pharmacology · 2024Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors associated cardiovascular immune-related adverse events.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Immunotherapy-Associated Atherosclerosis: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Findings and Implications for Future Research.Current treatment options in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Combined PD-L1 and TIM3 blockade improves expansion of fit human CD8Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2022Article
- Atherosclerosis With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: Evidence, Diagnosis, and Management:JACC. CardioOncology · 2022Review
- Immune Checkpoint Therapies and Atherosclerosis: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2022Review
- Increased Level of Tim-3Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Phenotypic Changes of Peripheral γδ T Cell and Its Subsets in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 is highly expressed in patients with acute decompensated heart failure and predicts mid-term prognosis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
T cell-mediated immunity plays a significant role in the development of atherosclerosis (AS). There is increasing evidence that CD8+ T cells are also involved in AS but their exact roles remain unclear. The inhibitory receptors programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) are well known inhibitory molecules that play a crucial role in regulating CD8+ T cell activation or tolerance. Here, we demonstrate that the co-expression of PD-1 and Tim-3 on CD8+ T cells is up-regulated in AS patients. PD-1+ Tim-3+ CD8+ T cells are enriched for within the central T (TCM) cell subset, with high proliferative activity and CD127 expression. Co-expression of PD-1 and Tim-3 on CD8+ T cells is associated with increased anti-atherogenic cytokine production as well as decreased pro-atherogenic cytokine production. Blockade of PD-1 and Tim-3 results in a decrease of anti-atherogenic cytokine production by PD-1+ Tim-3+ CD8+ T cells and in an augmentation of TNF-α and IFN-γ production. These findings highlight the important role of the PD-1 and Tim-3 pathways in regulating CD8+ T cells function in human AS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.