ArticleThe Lancet. Haematology2015
Association between metformin use and progression of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to multiple myeloma in US veterans with diabetes mellitus: a population-based retrospective cohort study.
Article in The Lancet. Haematology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 50 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Use of polygenic risk scores of nicotine metabolism in predicting smoking behaviors.Pharmacogenomics · 2018Pooled it
- Metformin and risk of hematological cancers in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of Saudi medicinePooled it
- Metformin Downregulates the STAT Pathway and Reduces Bone Marrow Fibrosis in Primary Myelofibrosis Patients: Final Results of the Phase II FIBROMET Trial.Hematological oncology · 2026Trial
- Impact of metformin use on the outcomes of newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma.British journal of haematology · 2019Trial
- Association between diabetic control and progression of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to multiple myeloma.Blood cancer journal · 2026Article
- A nested case-control study of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance in the Multiethnic Cohort study.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Diabetes mellitus in multiple myeloma and related plasma cell disorders: a review of risk, prognosis, and outcomes.Blood cancer journal · 2026Review
- Imeglimin Exerts Anti-Tumor Activity in Multiple Myeloma Through Affecting Energy Metabolism and Downregulating IL-16 Expression.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Incidence of hematologic malignancies and mortality associated with GLP-1 receptor agonist and SGLT2 inhibitor use in type 2 diabetes mellitus: results of a retrospective cohort study of electronic health records.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Impact of type 2 and steroid-Induced diabetes mellitus on prognosis in patients with multiple myeloma.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Unraveling Obesity and Multiple Myeloma: Insights from Epidemiology and Molecular Mechanisms.Current obesity reports · 2025Review
- Senescence profiling of monoclonal gammopathies reveals paracrine senescence as a crucial defense against disease progression.Leukemia · 2025Article
- Cumulative Excess Body Mass Index and MGUS Progression to Myeloma.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Promising Pharmacological Interventions for Posterior Capsule Opacification: A Review.Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ) · 2024Review
- Association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use and progression of monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance to multiple myeloma among patients with diabetes.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2024Article
- Metformin use and risk of myeloproliferative neoplasms: a Danish population-based case-control study.Blood advances · 2024Article
- Fueling CARs: metabolic strategies to enhance CAR T-cell therapy.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Discovering Potential in Non-Cancer Medications: A Promising Breakthrough for Multiple Myeloma Patients.Cancers · 2024Review
- Developing Large Language Model-based Pipeline for Identification of Disease Diagnosis: A Case Study on Identifying Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma and its Precursor Disease in Veterans Health Administration Electronic Health Records.AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium · 2024Article
- Metformin and its potential influence on cell fate decision between apoptosis and senescence in cancer, with a special emphasis on glioblastoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMultiple myeloma is one of the most common haematological malignancies in the USA and is consistently preceded by monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). We aimed to assess the association between metformin use and progression of MGUS to multiple myeloma.
methodsWe did a retrospective cohort study of patients registered in the US Veterans Health Administration database and diagnosed with MGUS between Oct 1, 1999, and Dec 31, 2009. We included patients (aged >18 years) with at least one International Classification of Diseases (9th revision) code for diabetes mellitus and one treatment for their diabetes before MGUS diagnosis. We reviewed patient-level clinical data to verify diagnoses and extract any available data for size of baseline M-protein and type of MGUS. We defined metformin users as patients with diabetes who were given metformin consistently for 4 years after their diabetes diagnosis and before multiple myeloma development, death, or censorship. Our primary outcome was time from MGUS diagnosis to multiple myeloma diagnosis. We used Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox models to analyse the association between metformin use and MGUS progression.
findingsWe obtained data for 3287 patients, of whom 2003 (61%) were included in the final analytical cohort. Median follow-up was 69 months (IQR 49–96). 463 (23%) participants were metformin users and 1540 (77%) participants were non-users. 13 (3%) metformin users progressed to multiple myeloma compared with 74 (5%) non-users. After adjustment, metformin use was associated with a reduced risk of progression to multiple myeloma (hazard ratio 0·47, 95% CI 0·25–0·87).
interpretationFor patients with diabetes diagnosed with MGUS, metformin use for 4 years or longer was associated with a reduced risk of progression of MGUS to multiple myeloma. Prospective studies are needed to establish whether this association is causal and whether these results can be extrapolated to non-diabetic individuals.
fundingBarnes-Jewish Hospital Foundation, National Institutes of Health, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, American Cancer Society.
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