ArticleEvoDevo2015
Molecular characterization and embryonic origin of the eyes in the common house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum.
Article in EvoDevo, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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31 citing papers in PubMed, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pax6 homologs are required for patterning both visual systems of the daddy-longlegs Phalangium opilio.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Expanding the fly eye gene regulatory network: From Drosophila to the hoverfly Episyrphus balteatus.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- DuplicatedBiology · 2025Article
- Modulating the levels and activity of the retinal determination network is sufficient to induce the specification of distinct tissue fates in Drosophila.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- Gene and Genome Duplication in Spiders.Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution · 2025Review
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- Spider Eye Development Editing and Silk Fiber Engineering Using CRISPR-Cas.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Article
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- Development and patterning of a highly versatile visual system in spiders.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Single-cell sequencing suggests a conserved function of Hedgehog-signalling in spider eye development.EvoDevo · 2024Article
- An atlas of spider development at single-cell resolution provides new insights into arthropod embryogenesis.EvoDevo · 2024Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing of mid-to-late stage spider embryos: new insights into spider development.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Eyeless cave-dwellingScience advances · 2023Article
- Evolution of the Spider Homeobox Gene Repertoire by Tandem and Whole Genome Duplication.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Review
- The median eyes of trilobites.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Probing the conserved roles of cut in the development and function of optically different insect compound eyes.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
- Article
- The visual pathway in sea spiders (Pycnogonida) displays a simple serial layout with similarities to the median eye pathway in horseshoe crabs.BMC biology · 2022Article
- The genome of a daddy-long-legs (Opiliones) illuminates the evolution of arachnid appendages.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTwo visual systems are present in most arthropod groups: median and lateral eyes. Most of our current knowledge about the developmental and molecular mechanisms involved in eye formation in arthropods comes from research in the model system Drosophila melanogaster. Here, a core set of retinal determination genes, namely, sine-oculis (so), eyes absent (eya), dachshund (dac), and the two pax6 orthologues eyeless (ey) and twin of eyeless (toy) govern early retinal development. By contrast, not much is known about the development of the up-to-eight eyes present in spiders. Therefore, we analyzed the embryonic expression of core retinal determination genes in the common house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum.
resultsWe show that the anlagen of the median and lateral eyes in P. tepidariorum originate from different regions of the non-neurogenic ectoderm in the embryonic head. The median eyes are specified as two individual anlagen in an anterior median position in the developing head and subsequently move to their final position following extensive morphogenetic movements of the non-neurogenic ectoderm. The lateral eyes develop from a more lateral position. Intriguingly, they are specified as a unique field of cells that splits into the three individual lateral eyes during late embryonic development. Using gene expression analyses, we identified a unique combination of determination gene expression in the anlagen of the lateral and median eyes, respectively.
conclusionsThis study of retinal determination genes in the common house spider P. tepidariorum represents the first comprehensive analysis of the well-known retinal determination genes in arthropods outside insects. The development of the individual lateral eyes via the subdivision of one single eye primordium might be the vestige of a larger composite eye anlage, and thus supports the notion that the composite eye is the plesiomorphic state of the lateral eyes in arthropods. The molecular distinction of the two visual systems is similar to the one described for compound eyes and ocelli in Drosophila, suggesting that a unique core determination network for median and lateral eyes, respectively, might have been in place already in the last common ancestor of spiders and insects.
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