ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2015
Green Synthesis of Silver and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Euphorbia prostrata Extract Shows Shift from Apoptosis to G0/G1 Arrest followed by Necrotic Cell Death in Leishmania donovani.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 170 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances of Green-Synthesized Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications.BioMed research international · 2026Review
- Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles UsingPharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Antiprotozoal, Anthelmintic and Antivectorial Activities of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Biogenically Synthesized Nanoparticles as Emerging Therapeutics for Leishmaniasis: A Review of Recent Advances and Potential Promises.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Effects of chitosan-titanium dioxide-Glucantime nanoassemblies onIranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2025Article
- Tranylcypromine: a promising repurposed drug against Leishmaniases.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Innovating Leishmaniasis Treatment: A Critical Chemist's Review of Inorganic Nanomaterials.ACS infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Effects of silver nanoparticle based on ginger extract onArchives of Razi Institute · 2024Article
- Phytochemical screening, antioxidant, immunomodulatory and analgesic potential of aqueous-ethanolic extracts ofHeliyon · 2024Article
- Medicinal Effects, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology of Euphorbia prostrata and Promising Molecular Mechanisms.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2024Review
- Green Synthesis: The Antibacterial and Photocatalytic Potential of Silver Nanoparticles Using Extract ofNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Review
- The Anti-Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Apoptotic changes in the intestinal epithelium ofJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2022Article
- Current Applications of Plant-Based Drug Delivery Nano Systems for Leishmaniasis Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- New Green Approaches in Nanoparticles Synthesis: An Overview.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Green Nanotechnology: Plant-Mediated Nanoparticle Synthesis and Application.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Breast Cancer Inhibition by Biosynthesized Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Is Comparable to Free Doxorubicin but Appeared Safer in BALB/c Mice.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Effective inhibition and eradication of pathogenic biofilms by titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized usingRSC advances · 2021Article
- Green Synthesis of Transition-Metal Nanoparticles and Their Oxides: A Review.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to synthesize silver (Ag) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) using green synthesis from aqueous leaf extract of Euphorbia prostrata as antileishmanial agents and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of induced cell death. In vitro antileishmanial activity of synthesized NPs was tested against promastigotes of Leishmania donovani by alamarBlue and propidium iodide uptake assays. Antileishmanial activity of synthesized NPs on intracellular amastigotes was assessed by Giemsa staining. The leishmanicidal effect of synthesized Ag NPs was further confirmed by DNA fragmentation assay and by cell cycle progression and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the treated parasites. TEM analysis of the synthesized Ag NPs showed a spherical shape with an average size of 12.82 ± 2.50 nm, and in comparison to synthesized TiO2 NPs, synthesized Ag NPs were found to be most active against Leishmania parasites after 24 h exposure, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 14.94 μg/ml and 3.89 μg/ml in promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes, respectively. A significant increase in G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle with a subsequent decrease in S (synthesis) and G2/M phases compared to controls was observed. The growth-inhibitory effect of synthesized Ag NPs was attributed to increased length of S phase. A decreased reactive oxygen species level was also observed, which could be responsible for the caspase-independent shift from apoptosis (G0/G1 arrest) to massive necrosis. High-molecular-weight DNA fragmentation as a positive consequence of necrotic cell death was also visualized. We also report that the unique trypanothione/trypanothione reductase (TR) system of Leishmania cells was significantly inhibited by synthesized Ag NPs. The green-synthesized Ag NPs may provide promising leads for the development of cost-effective and safer alternative treatment against visceral leishmaniasis.
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